NSl viewvs.Linear model of‘science and technologypushScience→largescaleR&D-→applicationsand innovationsR&D system seen as main source of innovation, reinforcingeconomistsuse of R&D stats to understandgrowthUnderestimated role of education, training, design, quality control etc.Underestimatedfeedbackloopfrommarkettotechnology,andfromapplicationsto science.Infact,R&Ddifferencesdonotexplaingrowthratedifferences!Technische UniversiteitTUEindhovenUniversity of TechnologyEconomicsofInnovation2013
NSI view vs. Linear model of ‘science and technology push’ Science →large scale R&D→ applications and innovations R&D system seen as main source of innovation, reinforcing economists use of R&D stats to understand growth Underestimated role of education, training, design, quality control etc. Underestimated feedback loop from market to technology, and from applications to science. In fact, R&D differences do not explain growth rate differences! Economics of Innovation 2013
Importance of intra-firm and inter-firm relationshipsFirms'organisationsindividualism/collectivism,powerdistance,uncertaintye.g.JapaneseManagementSystemFirms'interactions>Vertical interactions:User-supplierinteraction>Horizontalinteractions:knowledgenetworks,technologicalalliances and co-operatione.g.Italian industrial districts and local networks, industrialgroupsTechnische UniversiteitTUEindhovenUniversity of TechnologyEconomicsofInnovation2013
Importance of intra-firm and inter-firm relationships • Firms’ organisations individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty e.g. Japanese Management System • Firms’ interactions Vertical interactions: User-supplier interaction Horizontal interactions: knowledge networks, technological alliances and co-operation e.g. Italian industrial districts and local networks, industrial groups Economics of Innovation 2013