2.学习对象教学应用 1.0. Learning objects explained 1.1. Connecting learning objects to instructional des ign theory: A definition, a metaphor and a taxonomy by 1. 2. The nature and orgin of instructional objects n, and 2.0. Learning objects and constructivist thoug ht 2.1. Learning object systems as constructiv ist learning environments: Related Assumptions, theories, and applications and Kate Mum 2. 2. Designing resource-based leaming and performance support systems 2.3. Learning objects to support inquiry-based online learning 0. Learning objects and people 3. 1. Designing learning objects to mass customize and personalize learning by 3. 2. Evaluation of leaming objects and instruction us ing leaming objects 4.0. Learning objects implementation war stories 41. Battle stories from the field: w online resource center leaming objects project 4. 2. A university-wide systemfor creating, capturing, and delivering learning objects 5.0. Learning objects and the future 5.1. Col 5.2 Knowledge objects and mental models by M DaviN 5.3. The future of learning objects by L Wayne Hodgins Keqingchaoa2lcn.com2004
Keqingchao@21cn.com 2004 2. 学习对象教学应用 1.0. Learning objects explained 1.1. Connecting learning objects to instructional design theory: A definition, a metaphor, and a taxonomy by David A. Wiley 1.2. The nature and origin of instructional objects by Andrew S. Gibbons, Jon Nelson, and Robert Richards 2.0. Learning objects and constructivist thought 2.1. Learning object systems as constructivist learning environments: Related assumptions, theories, and applications by Brenda Bannan-Ritland, Nada Dabbagh, and Kate Murphy 2.2. Designing resource-based learning and performance support systems by Michael J. Hannafin, Janette R. Hill, and James E. McCarthy 2.3. Learning objects to support inquiry-based online learning by Chandra Hawley Orrill 3.0. Learning objects and people 3.1. Designing learning objects to mass customize and personalize learning by Margaret Martinez 3.2. Evaluation of learning objects and instruction using learning objects by David D. Williams 4.0. Learning objects implementation war stories 4.1. Battle stories from the field: Wisconsin online resource center learning objects project by Kay Chitwood, Carol May, David Bunnow, and Terri Langan 4.2. A university-wide system for creating, capturing, and delivering learning objects by Joseph B. South and David W. Monson 5.0. Learning objects and the future 5.1. Collaboratively filtering learning objects by Mimi M. Recker, Andrew Walker, and David A. Wiley 5.2. Knowledge objects and mental models by M. David Merrill 5.3. The future of learning objects by H. Wayne Hodgins
3.学习对象方法 ●学习对象方法的基本原理: 可重用性( reusability 生成性( generativity) 适应性 adaptability) 规模性( calabi) Keqingchao@21cn.com2004
Keqingchao@21cn.com 2004 3. 学习对象方法 ⚫ 学习对象方法的基本原理： 可重用性（reusability） 生成性（generativity） 适应性(adaptability) 规模性(scalability)
可重用性 当教学人员获得学习资源时,一般情况下, 首先要按照资源原来的组织方式进行分拆,得到 零散的素材,然后再根据自己的需要,重新组合 这些素材,成为符合自己教学目的的教学资料 但若是利用学习对象方法,就能够省略分拆资源 和重新组合素材的步骤。因为,运用学习对象方 法在组织学习对象时就已经将学习资源进行了分 类和规划,按照具有一定规则的组件形式组织 习对象,因而,学习对象可以直接被重用。 Keqingchao@21cn.com2004
Keqingchao@21cn.com 2004 可重用性 当教学人员获得学习资源时，一般情况下， 首先要按照资源原来的组织方式进行分拆，得到 零散的素材，然后再根据自己的需要，重新组合 这些素材，成为符合自己教学目的的教学资料。 但若是利用学习对象方法，就能够省略分拆资源 和重新组合素材的步骤。因为，运用学习对象方 法在组织学习对象时就已经将学习资源进行了分 类和规划，按照具有一定规则的组件形式组织学 习对象，因而，学习对象可以直接被重用
生成性 学习对象方法的生成性是指动态生成 教学信息和教学交互的能力。通常教学信 息和教学交互的生成是依靠预设的存储信 息和交互逻辑;而学习对象方法则不同, 它能够跟据反馈信息,分析具体情况、特 定学习者的特殊需要动态地生成教学信息 和教学交互 Keqingchao@21cn.com2004
Keqingchao@21cn.com 2004 生成性 学习对象方法的生成性是指动态生成 教学信息和教学交互的能力。通常教学信 息和教学交互的生成是依靠预设的存储信 息和交互逻辑；而学习对象方法则不同， 它能够跟据反馈信息，分析具体情况、特 定学习者的特殊需要动态地生成教学信息 和教学交互