Chapter 20,part A Antimicrobial Drugs
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein Chapter 20, part A Antimicrobial Drugs
Antimicrobial Drugs 。Chemotherapy The use of drugs to treat a disease 。Antimicrobial drugs Interfere with the growth of microbes within a host 。Antibiotic Substance produced by a microbe that,in small amounts, inhibits another microbe 。Selective toxicity A drug that kills harmful microbes without damaging the host
Antimicrobial Drugs • Chemotherapy The use of drugs to treat a disease • Antimicrobial drugs Interfere with the growth of microbes within a host • Antibiotic Substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe • Selective toxicity A drug that kills harmful microbes without damaging the host
Penicillium colony Area of 。1928-Fleming inhibition of bacterial growth discovered penicillin, produced by Penicillium. 1940 Howard Florey and Ernst Chain performed first clinical trials of Normal penicillin. bacterial colony Figure 20.1
• 1928 – Fleming discovered penicillin, produced by Penicillium . • 1940 – Howard Florey and Ernst Chain performed first clinical trials of penicillin. Figure 20.1
TABLE 20.1 Representative Sources of Antibiotics Microorganism Antibiotic Gram-Positive Rods Bacillus subtilis Bacitracin Bacillus polymyxa Polymyxin Actinomycetes Streptomyces nodosus Amphotericin B Streptomyces venezuelae Chloramphenicol Streptomyces aureofaciens Chlortetracycline and tetracycline Streptomyces erythraeus Erythromycin Streptomyces fradiae Neomycin Streptomyces griseus Streptomycin Micromonospora purpureae Gentamicin Fungi Cephalosporium spp. Cephalothin Penicillium griseofulvum Griseofulvin Penicillium notatum Penicillin Table 20.1
Table 20.1
TABLE 20.2 The Spectrum of Activity of Antibiotics and Other Antimicrobial Drugs Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Gram-Negative Gram-Positive Chlamydias Mycobacteria" Bacteria Bacteria Rickettsias Fungi Protozoa Helminths Viruses —Penicil诽in一 -Ketocon -Niclosamide azole (tapeworms] Streptomycin- -Mefloquine一 (malaria) -Acyclovir- -Praziquontel-一 (flukes] Tetracycline -lsoniozid *Growth of these bacteria frequently occurs within macrophages or tissue structures. Obligately inraceuabacterio. Table 20.2
Table 20.2