Chapter 9,part A Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein Chapter 9, part A Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA
Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA 。 Biotechnology: The use of microorganisms,cells,or cell components to make a product Foods,antibiotics,vitamins,enzymes Recombinant DNA Technology: Insertion or modification of genes to produce desired proteins
Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA • Biotechnology: • The use of microorganisms, cells, or cell components to make a product • Foods, antibiotics, vitamins, enzymes • Recombinant DNA Technology: • Insertion or modification of genes to produce desired proteins
Bacterium ①Vector such as a DNA is cleaved DNA containing by an enzyme plasmid is isolated gene of interest into fragments 3 Gene is inserted Bacterial Plasmid into plasmid chromosome Recombinant DNA Gene of (plasmid) interest Plasmid is taken up by a cell such as a bacterium Recombinant bacterium ⑤Cells with gene of interest are cloned Figure 9.1.1
Figure 9.1.1
Cells with gene of interest are cloned Goal may be to make OR Goal may be to make protein copies of gene product of gene 6B Cells Plasmid make a RNA protein Protein product product Copies of gene are harvested Copies of protein are harvested ● Gene for pest Gene alters bacteria Amyase,cellulase,and other Human growth resistance is for cleaning up enzymes prepare fabrics hormone treats inserted into plants toxic waste for clothing manufacture stunted growth Figure 9.1.2
Figure 9.1.2
TABLE 9.1 Some Pharmaceutical Products of Genetic Engineering Product Comments Alpha-interferon Therapy for leukemia,melanoma,and hepatitis;produced by E.coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). Antitrypsin Assists emphysema patients;produced by genetically modified sheep. Beta-interferon Treatment for multiple sclerosis;produced by mammalian cell culture. Bone morphogenic proteins Induces new bone formation;useful in healing fractures and reconstructive surgery; produced by mammalian cell culture. Colony-stimulating factor (CSF) Counteracts effects of chemotherapy:improves resistance to infectious disease such as AlDS;treatment of leukemia;produced by E.coli and S.cerevisiae. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) Heals wounds,burns,ulcers;produced by E.coli. Erythropoietin (EPO) Treatment of anemia;produced by mammalian cell culture. Factor VIlI Treatment of hemophilia;improves clotting:produced by mammalian cell culture. Gamma-interferon Treatment of chronic granulomatous disease;produced by E.coli. Hepatitis B vaccine Produced by S.cerevisiae that carries hepatitis-virus gene on a plasmid. Human growth hormone (hGH) Corrects growth deficiencies in children;produced by E.coli. Human insulin Therapy for diabetes;better tolerated than insulin extracted from animals;produced by Escherichia coli. Table 9.1.1
Table 9.1.1