Chapter 10,part A Classification of Microorganisms
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein Chapter 10, part A Classification of Microorganisms
Taxonomy 。Taxonomy The science of classifying organisms Provides universal names for organisms Provides a reference for identifying organisms
Taxonomy • Taxonomy • The science of classifying organisms • Provides universal names for organisms • Provides a reference for identifying organisms
Taxonomy 。 Systematics or phylogeny The study of the evolutionary history of organisms All Species Inventory (2001-2025) To identify all species of life on Earth
Taxonomy • Systematics or phylogeny • The study of the evolutionary history of organisms • All Species Inventory (2001-2025) • To identify all species of life on Earth
Taxonomy 1735 Plant and Animal Kingdoms 1857 Bacteria fungi put in the Plant Kingdom ·1866 Kingdom Protista proposed for bacteria, protozoa,algae,fungi 1937 "Prokaryote"introduced for cells "without a nucleus" 1961 Prokaryote defined as cells in which nucleoplasm is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane ● 1959 Kingdom Fungi ● 1968 Kingdom Prokaryotae proposed 1978 Two types of prokaryotic cells found
Taxonomy • 1735 Plant and Animal Kingdoms • 1857 Bacteria & fungi put in the Plant Kingdom • 1866 Kingdom Protista proposed for bacteria, protozoa, algae, & fungi • 1937 "Prokaryote" introduced for cells "without a nucleus" • 1961 Prokaryote defined as cells in which nucleoplasm is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane • 1959 Kingdom Fungi • 1968 Kingdom Prokaryotae proposed • 1978 Two types of prokaryotic cells found
The Three-Domain System TABLE 10.1 Some Characteristics of Archaea,Bacteria,and Eukarya Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Methanosarcina E.coli Amoeba Cell Type Prokaryotic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Cell Wall Varies in composition; Contains peptidoglycan Varies in composition; contains no peptidoglycan contains carbohydrates Membrane Lipids Composed of branched Composed of straight Composed of straight carbon chains attached to carbon chains attached to carbon chains attached to glycerol by ether linkage glycerol by ester linkage glycerol by ester linkage First Amino Acid in Methionine Formylmethionine Methionine Protein Synthesis Antibiotic No Yes No Sensitivity rRNA Loop" Lacking Present Lacking Common Arm of tRNAT Lacking Present Present "Binds to ribosomal protein;found in all bacteria. tA sequence of bases in RNA found in all eukaryotes and bacteria:guanine-thymine-pseudouridine-cytosineguanine. Table 10.1
The Three-Domain System Table 10.1