EXPIRATIONINSPIRATIONincreasedverticaldiameterElevatedIncreasedribcageAPdiameterExternalintercostalscontractedInternalDiaphragmaticintercostalscontractionrelaxedAbdominalscontracted
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Il. Principles of pulmonary ventilationDirectforce of breathing-Pressure gradient between atmosphere and lung△Pmuscles)Original force of breathing-Respiratorymovement(contractionand relaxation of respiratory muscles)
Direct force of breathing – Pressure gradient between atmosphere and lung muscles） △P II. Principles of pulmonary ventilation Original force of breathing – Respiratory movement （contraction and relaxation of respiratory muscles）
Driving forces of respirationThoracic cavityRespiratorycontraction/relaxationmovementsSealed pleural CavityNasal cavityLungcontraction/relaxationNostril-PharynxOral cavity-TracheaLarynxRight main(primary)bronchusIntrapulmonary△PLeftmainRight lung(primary)bronchusPressureBaseofleft lungDiaphragmCopyright e 2009 Pear pubishing as Peargon fienjamin CumeningsPulmonary Ventilation
Thoracic cavity contraction/relaxation Intrapulmonary Pressure Pulmonary Ventilation Sealed pleural Cavity △P Driving forces of respiration Respiratory movements Lung contraction/relaxation
Respiratorymuscelsineupneainspiration: Contraction of external intercostal musclesanddiaphragm.Expiration:Relaxation of externalintercostal musclesanddiaphragmRespiratorymuscelsinForcedbreathinginspiration: Contraction of external intercostalmuscles,diaphragm,assistant respiratory musclesExpiration: Relaxation of all the inspiratory musclesContractionofinternalintercostalmusclesandabdominalmuscles
Respiratory muscels in Forced breathing inspiration: Contraction of external intercostal muscles , diaphragm, assistant respiratory muscles. Expiration: Relaxation of all the inspiratory muscles. Contraction of internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles. Respiratory muscels in eupnea inspiration: Contraction of external intercostal muscles and diaphragm. Expiration: Relaxation of external intercostal muscles and diaphragm