>魏晋南北朝至唐代，受各少数民族的坐卧用具和 饮食习俗的影响，围桌而坐的合食制，己渐渐取 代分食制，成为饮食的又一种主要方式。 > From the age of disunion after the Han until Tang times China was in disarray,with many different ethnic groups entering from the northbringing with them their own culinary habits which came into conflict with established ways of dinning.A change took place in eating habits involving a greater emphasis on communal eating with diners sat on chairs. >从1000多年前的宋代开始，合食制已经相当普遍。 >A thousand years ago in the song dynasty communal dinning was in widespread use
魏晋南北朝至唐代，受各少数民族的坐卧用具和 饮食习俗的影响，围桌而坐的合食制，已渐渐取 代分食制，成为饮食的又一种主要方式。 From the age of disunion after the Han until Tang times China was in disarray, with many different ethnic groups entering from the northbringing with them their own culinary habits which came into conflict with established ways of dinning. A change took place in eating habits involving a greater emphasis on communal eating with diners sat on chairs. 从1000多年前的宋代开始，合食制已经相当普遍。 A thousand years ago in the Song Dynasty communal dinning was in widespread use
《清明上河图》中的桌案饮食 Diet on table in Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival >饮食方式随时代而变化，现代在合食中也有分食。 >Eating habits changed with the times.Now people started to adopt a system of individual plate in communal dinning
《清明上河图》中的桌案饮食 Diet on table in Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival 饮食方式随时代而变化，现代在合食中也有分食。 Eating habits changed with the times.Now people started to adopt a system of individual plate in communal dinning
读前思考Pre-reading Questions 1.中国最著名的宫廷建筑和民居建筑有哪些？它们各有什么 特点？ What are the famous court constructions and folk buildings?What are their features? 2.中国古代的造船航海技术在哪些方面在当时是领先世界的？ 思考为何中国宋明时期的造船航海技术如此先进， 但却没有像15、16世纪的欧洲那样，最终走上海外殖民 的道路？ In what aspects of marine technology did the ancient China go ahead in the contemporary world?Why didn't China embark on further expansion road like some European countries in the 15th and 16th century,while China's ship building and marine technology was so advanced in the Song and Ming Dynasties?
读前思考 Pre-reading Questions 1. 中国最著名的宫廷建筑和民居建筑有哪些？它们各有什么 特点？ What are the famous court constructions and folk buildings? What are their features? 2. 中国古代的造船航海技术在哪些方面在当时是领先世界的？ 思考为何中国宋明时期的造船航海技术如此先进， 但却没有像15、16世纪的欧洲那样，最终走上海外殖民 的道路？ In what aspects of marine technology did the ancient China go ahead in the contemporary world? Why didn’t China embark on further expansion road like some European countries in the 15th and 16th century, while China’s ship building and marine technology was so advanced in the Song and Ming Dynasties?
礼制文化与古典建筑 The Etiquette Culture and Classic Architecture 建筑是日常生活的必需场所。中国古代建筑主要有两 大类，一是帝王宫廷建筑；二是普通民居建筑。 > Buildings are a daily necessity and in ancient China one could find two main building styles,imperial palaces and state buildings and the dwellings of ordinary folk. 古代中国的建筑通过等级、类型、体积及数量、房屋 的宽度、深度、屋顶、装饰、颜色等，深刻地体现了中国 文化中的尊卑观念和等级制度，体现一种富有礼制文化含 义的空间。 Architecture of ancient China expressed a ritualized culture of social status through the design,space, number of rooms,height of the ceiling,width of the rooms and interior decor
礼制文化与古典建筑 The Etiquette Culture and Classic Architecture 建筑是日常生活的必需场所。中国古代建筑主要有两 大类，一是帝王宫廷建筑；二是普通民居建筑。 Buildings are a daily necessity and in ancient China one could find two main building styles, imperial palaces and state buildings and the dwellings of ordinary folk. 古代中国的建筑通过等级、类型、体积及数量、房屋 的宽度、深度、屋顶、装饰、颜色等，深刻地体现了中国 文化中的尊卑观念和等级制度，体现一种富有礼制文化含 义的空间。 Architecture of ancient China expressed a ritualized culture of social status through the design, space, number of rooms, height of the ceiling, width of the rooms and interior décor
北京故宫 The Imperial Palace in Beijing ◆ 故宫的一系列建筑都位于北京城的中轴线上，反映了“王者居天下之中” 的传统思想。 The very location of the palace,right on the central axis of the city demonstrates the traditional value that the rulergoverns from the center of the world
北京故宫 The Imperial Palace in Beijing 故宫的一系列建筑都位于北京城的中轴线上，反映了“王者居天下之中” 的传统思想。 The very location of the palace, right on the central axis of the city demonstrates the traditional value that the rulergoverns from the center of the world