Linguistic factorsLow proficiency in EnglishDifficulties in transferring from thelearnersfirstlanguage to the sounds,rhythms,and stresspatternsofEnglish>Difficulties with the native speakerpronunciation of the teacher>Alackofunderstandingofcommongrammaticalpatterns inEnglish(e.g.Englishtenses)
Linguistic factors Difficulties in transferring from the learners’ first language to the sounds, rhythms, and stress patterns of English Difficulties with the native speaker pronunciation of the teacher A lack of understanding of common grammatical patterns in English (e.g. English tenses) Low proficiency in English
■Psychological / affective factorsCultural shockPrevious negative social or political experiencesLack of motivationAnxiety or shynessNunan,2001:234-235
Psychological / affective factors Cultural shock Previous negative social or political experiences Lack of motivation Anxiety or shyness Nunan, 2001: 234-235