LISTOFFIGURES(continued)FigurePageB-1..B-1Casagrande logarithm of time method for cy calculation.B-2..B-3Taylor's square root of time method for cy calculation.C-1.C-2Comparison of measured and predictedpiezocone dissipation data.XX
LIST OF FIGURES (continued) Figure Page xx B-1 Casagrande logarithm of time method for cv calculation.B-1 B-2 Taylor’s square root of time method for cv calculation. .B-3 C-1 Comparison of measured and predicted piezocone dissipation data. .C-2
LISTOFSYMBOLSAactivityacone radiusAccorrected area for cone penetrometerApercentage of ash from organic content testannet arearatiofor conepenetrometerAssurface area of cone sleeveARarearatioBSkempton's pore pressure parameterBanormalized pore pressureparameterfor soil classification using CPTuc'effective stress cohesion interceptCTtotal stress cohesion interceptc'iinstantaneous cohesionCbboreholediametercorrectionfactorCecompression indexCcemodified compression index or compression ratioCEenergy correction factorCFclayfractionChhorizontal coefficient of consolidationCNSPT stress normalization parameterCPcollapse potentialCRrod length correctionfactorCrrecompressionindexCremodifiedrecompression indexorrecompressionratioCssamplingmethodcorrectionfactororswellingindexCvvertical coefficient of consolidationCacoefficientofsecondary compressionCatmodifiedcoefficientof secondarycompressionDinitial diameter of pressuremeter or vane diameter or distance between platens in apoint-load strength testdioeffectivegrain size at 10%passingbyweightdiseffective grain size at 15% passing by weightdsequivalent particle diameterDediameter at sampler cutting tipD;inside diameter of sampling tubeD。outside diameter of sampling tubeDrrelative densityEYoung's modulusevoid ratioEpdilatometermodulusxxi
LIST OF SYMBOLS xxi A activity a cone radius AC corrected area for cone penetrometer Ac percentage of ash from organic content test an net area ratio for cone penetrometer As surface area of cone sleeve AR area ratio B Skempton’s pore pressure parameter Bq normalized pore pressure parameter for soil classification using CPTu c' effective stress cohesion intercept c T total stress cohesion intercept c′i instantaneous cohesion CB borehole diameter correction factor Cc compression index Ccε modified compression index or compression ratio CE energy correction factor CF clay fraction ch horizontal coefficient of consolidation CN SPT stress normalization parameter CP collapse potential CR rod length correction factor Cr recompression index Crε modified recompression index or recompression ratio CS sampling method correction factor or swelling index cv vertical coefficient of consolidation Cα coefficient of secondary compression Cαε modified coefficient of secondary compression D initial diameter of pressuremeter or vane diameter or distance between platens in a point-load strength test d10 effective grain size at 10% passing by weight d15 effective grain size at 15% passing by weight ds equivalent particle diameter De diameter at sampler cutting tip Di inside diameter of sampling tube Do outside diameter of sampling tube Dr relative density E Young’s modulus e void ratio ED dilatometer modulus
LIST OF SYMBOLS (continued)Eddeformation modulus of rock from borehole dilatometerEMrock mass modulusEmax, Esmall-strain Young's moduluseoin-situ void ratioEppressuremeter elastic modulusERenergy ratioERintact rockdeformation modulusEsequivalent elastic modulusEu-rpressuremeter elastic modulus evaluated using unload-reload cycleFRfriction ratiofssleeve frictionGshear modulusGdinterpreted shear modulus from borehole dilatometer testGmax,Gsmall-strain shear modulusGsspecific gravityHvane heightHDRdrainage heightHoinitial height1displacement influence factordilation angleiBangle of vane taper at bottomiTangle of vane taper at topIp, PIplasticity indexICRinside clearance ratioIDmaterial index for dilatometer or slake durabilityI,Jar Slake indexILincremental loadIrundrained rigidity indexIspoint load strengthIs(50)size-corrected point load strength indexJCScompressive strengthofrock adjacent to thefracture surfaceJRCjoint roughness coefficientkhydraulic conductivityKphorizontal stress indexKEkinetic energykhhorizontal hydraulic conductivitykmcalibration pressure-dilation curve (for boreholedilatometer)Koat-rest lateral earth pressure coefficientkpLTsize correction factor for point load strength testxxii
LIST OF SYMBOLS (continued) xxii Ed deformation modulus of rock from borehole dilatometer EM rock mass modulus Emax, Eo small-strain Young’s modulus eo in-situ void ratio EP pressuremeter elastic modulus ER energy ratio ER intact rock deformation modulus Es equivalent elastic modulus Eu-r pressuremeter elastic modulus evaluated using unload-reload cycle FR friction ratio fs sleeve friction G shear modulus Gd interpreted shear modulus from borehole dilatometer test Gmax,Go small-strain shear modulus Gs specific gravity H vane height HDR drainage height Ho initial height I displacement influence factor i dilation angle iB angle of vane taper at bottom iT angle of vane taper at top I P, PI plasticity index ICR inside clearance ratio ID material index for dilatometer or slake durability IJ Jar Slake index IL incremental load Ir undrained rigidity index Is point load strength Is(50) size-corrected point load strength index JCS compressive strength of rock adjacent to the fracture surface JRC joint roughness coefficient k hydraulic conductivity KD horizontal stress index KE kinetic energy kh horizontal hydraulic conductivity km calibration pressure-dilation curve (for borehole dilatometer) Ko at-rest lateral earth pressure coefficient kPLT size correction factor for point load strength test
LISTOFSYMBOLS (continued)kRstiffness of rock (for borehole dilatometer)ksstiffness of hydraulic system (for boreholedilatometer)ktstiffness of overall system plus rock (for borehole dilatometer)Llength of cell membrane in borehole dilatometerLIliquidity indexLLliquid limitM,mass of soil solidsmvvolumetriccompressibilitycoefficientNuncorrected Standard PenetrationTest (SPT)blow countN6ostandardized SPT blow count(Ni)60normalizedand standardized corrected blowcountNmeasfield recorded N-valueNkconefactorOCRoverconsolidation ratioPpoint load breaking strengthp'mean normal effective stressP1expansion pressurePaatmospheric pressurePEpotential energypryield pressureP;applied pressurePLlimitpressurePLplastic limitliftoffpressureorcompleterecompressionpressurePopryield pointminimum pressure during unloading in a pressuremeter unload/reload cyclePuqappliedsurfacestressqeuncorrected cone tip resistanceqtcorrected cone tip resistancequunconfined compressive strengthRpuninflated radius of pressuremeter probeRTtemperature correction factorsnormally consolidated undrained strength ratiosettlement due to collapseScollapseSLshrinkage limitremolded undrained shear strengthSrStsensitivitySuundrained shear strengthundrained shear strength from isotropically consolidated triaxial compression testsSuCIUCxxili
LIST OF SYMBOLS (continued) xxiii kR stiffness of rock (for borehole dilatometer) ks stiffness of hydraulic system (for borehole dilatometer) kT stiffness of overall system plus rock (for borehole dilatometer) L length of cell membrane in borehole dilatometer LI liquidity index LL liquid limit Ms mass of soil solids mv volumetric compressibility coefficient N uncorrected Standard Penetration Test (SPT) blow count N60 standardized SPT blow count (N1)60 normalized and standardized corrected blow count Nmeas field recorded N-value Nk cone factor OCR overconsolidation ratio P point load breaking strength p' mean normal effective stress p1 expansion pressure Pa atmospheric pressure PE potential energy pf yield pressure Pi applied pressure pL limit pressure PL plastic limit po liftoff pressure or complete recompression pressure pr yield point pu minimum pressure during unloading in a pressuremeter unload/reload cycle q applied surface stress qc uncorrected cone tip resistance qt corrected cone tip resistance qu unconfined compressive strength RP uninflated radius of pressuremeter probe RT temperature correction factor S normally consolidated undrained strength ratio scollapse settlement due to collapse SL shrinkage limit sr remolded undrained shear strength St sensitivity su undrained shear strength suCIUC undrained shear strength from isotropically consolidated triaxial compression tests
LIST OFSYMBOLS (continued)undrained shear strengthfromdirect simple sheartestsSuDSSundrained shear strength from vane shear testSuVSTundrained shear strength from unconfined compression testsSuUCSuuundrained shear strength from triaxial unconsolidated compression teststtime or vane edge thicknessTtorque and/or temperatureT*modified time factort100timerequired tocompleteprimaryconsolidationtsotimerequiredtocomplete50percentprimaryconsolidationtotimerequiredtocomplete90percentprimaryconsolidationtrminimum time required to fail a sampleTmaxmaximumtorquemeasuredinvanesheartestTnetmaximum torque minus rod friction torquetptime of primary consolidationTrodrod friction torquetsshear wave arrival timesUdegree of consolidation or normalized excess pore pressureuipore pressure at cone tip (CPTur)u2pore pressure at cone shoulder (CPTu2)uiinitial pore pressure at t=0measured pore pressure during CPTUmuohydrostatic pore pressure or in-situ pore pressure conditionutpore pressure at time tVmmean volumeof pressuremeter probeVoinitial volume of pressuremeter probeVsshear wave velocity or volume of soil solidsWiinitial moisture contentWnnatural moisture contentZmgage offset zero reading in a flat plate dilatometerZwdepth of water table%Cpercent collapse1-Unormalizedexcessporepressureαangle of taperYunit weightYbbuoyant unit weightdry unit weightYd, Ydry shear strainYsYsat saturated unit weightxxiv
LIST OF SYMBOLS (continued) xxiv suDSS undrained shear strength from direct simple shear tests suVST undrained shear strength from vane shear test suUC undrained shear strength from unconfined compression tests suUU undrained shear strength from triaxial unconsolidated compression tests t time or vane edge thickness T torque and/or temperature T* modified time factor t100 time required to complete primary consolidation t50 time required to complete 50 percent primary consolidation t90 time required to complete 90 percent primary consolidation tf minimum time required to fail a sample Tmax maximum torque measured in vane shear test Tnet maximum torque minus rod friction torque tp time of primary consolidation Trod rod friction torque ts shear wave arrival times U degree of consolidation or normalized excess pore pressure u1 pore pressure at cone tip (CPTu1) u2 pore pressure at cone shoulder (CPTu2) ui initial pore pressure at t=0 um measured pore pressure during CPT uo hydrostatic pore pressure or in-situ pore pressure condition ut pore pressure at time t Vm mean volume of pressuremeter probe Vo initial volume of pressuremeter probe Vs shear wave velocity or volume of soil solids wi initial moisture content wn natural moisture content zm gage offset zero reading in a flat plate dilatometer zw depth of water table %C percent collapse 1-U normalized excess pore pressure α angle of taper γ unit weight γb buoyant unit weight γd, γdry dry unit weight γs shear strain γsat saturated unit weight