Chapter 2Foundation of chemical technology
Chapter 2 Foundation of chemical technology
2.1RawmaterialresourceandprocessingIn the chemical industry, raw materials are convertedinto products for other industries and consumers.The basic raw materials for the chemical industry canbe divided into organic and inorganic materialsInorganic raw materials include air, water, andminerals.Fossil fuels and biomass belong to the class of organicraw materialsThe main raw materials for the chemical industry arethe fossil fuels, i.e. oil (petroleum), natural gas, and coal
2.1 Raw material resource and processing ⚫ In the chemical industry, raw materials are converted into products for other industries and consumers. ⚫ The basic raw materials for the chemical industry can be divided into organic and inorganic materials. ⚫ Inorganic raw materials include air, water, and minerals. ⚫ Fossil fuels and biomass belong to the class of organic raw materials. ⚫ The main raw materials for the chemical industry are the fossil fuels, i.e. oil (petroleum), natural gas, and coal
PetroleumFossilNaturalgasOrganic raw materialsfuelCoalBiomassMineralsInorganic raw materialsAirWater
Petroleum Fossil Natural gas fuel Coal Biomass Minerals Air Water Inorganic raw materials Organic raw materials
一、PetroleumandprocessingThe chemical industry can be conveniently divided into sevensectors（七个领域），e.g.petrochemicals（石油化学品）pharmaceuticals（医药品），specialtychemicals（特殊化学品）agrochemicals（农用化学品），inorganicchemicals（无机化学品），textiles（纺织品），andfinechemicals（精细化学品）：The petrochemicals,bothbase chemicals andintermediates,hold the large market. This is not surprising since they are rawmaterials for all the other sectors except for most of theinorganicchemicals.However, even some inorganic chemicals are producedfrom petrochemicals: ammonia, which is a large volumeinorganic compound, is produced mainly from oil or naturalgas
一、Petroleum and processing ⚫The chemical industry can be conveniently divided into seven sectors（七个领域）, e.g. petrochemicals（石油化学品）, pharmaceuticals（医药品）, specialty chemicals（特殊化学品）, agrochemicals（农用化学品）, inorganic chemicals（无机化学 品）, textiles（纺织品）, and fine chemicals（精细化学品）. ⚫The petrochemicals, both base chemicals and intermediates, hold the large market. This is not surprising since they are raw materials for all the other sectors except for most of the inorganic chemicals. However, even some inorganic chemicals are produced from petrochemicals: ammonia, which is a large volume inorganic compound, is produced mainly from oil or natural gas
Raw materials of 9o% organic chemicalproductscan be summed up as triene triphenyl, ethyne.naphthalin、methanolLoweralkenesethene,propene,butadiene(preparedformoil)Aromaticsbenzene,toluene,xylenes(prepared from oil, natural gas, and coal)
Raw materials of 90% organic chemical products can be summed up as triene、triphenyl、ethyne、 naphthalin、methanol. ⚫ Lower alkenes—ethene, propene, butadiene (prepared form oil) Aromatics—benzene, toluene, xylenes (prepared from oil, natural gas, and coal)