FreeEnergyChangesNADH-→NADThe larger the (+) value of △E, the greater the0.2plex1AG=-69.5kmol~tendency of the electrons to flow in that directionand the greater the change in free energy.Complexill36.7kmol-1g(V)0.2AG"=-nFAEo!or0.4△G=-nF△EAG=-112kmol~1ComplexIV0.6Largenegativefor △G requires(+)△EElectrons flow down the transport chainaccording to reduction potential
Free Energy Changes The larger the (+) value of △E, the greater the tendency of the electrons to flow in that direction and the greater the change in free energy. Large negative for △G requires (+) △E Electrons flow down the transport chain according to reduction potential
Occurinmitochondria: The processes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation aremembraneassociated: In eukaryotic cells, electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation arelocalized in mitochondria, which are also the sites of TCA cyclestermembraneInnermembraneIntermembranespaceMatrixCristae(b)a
Occur in mitochondria • The processes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are membrane associated. • In eukaryotic cells, electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are localized in mitochondria, which are also the sites of TCA cycle
Occurinmitochondria: The electron flow takes place in four large protein complexes that areembedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, together called therespiratory chain or the electron-transport chain.: Most of the enzymes of the TCA cycle, except succinate dehydrogenase,arelocated inthematrix.ar.memhranIntermembranespaceMatrixCristae(b)(a
Occur in mitochondria • The electron flow takes place in four large protein complexes that are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, together called the respiratory chain or the electron-transport chain. • Most of the enzymes of the TCA cycle, except succinate dehydrogenase, are located in the matrix
Electrontransport takesplaceinthemitochondrionOutermembrane PermeableInnermembrane ImpermeableIntermembranespaceb/wOM&IMMatrixMostinternal
MitochondrionATPSVnhrmembroneFF.eOutermembraneInnermembronePermeable to small molecules and ionsinchudingHCeatainsInnermembraneRespiratoryelectroecarierslCempdavesl-VADP-ATP!Impermeable to most small moleculesATPsynthase(JDusetVital for forming and maintaining protoninsportenSMotrixContainsgradientPyruvateCarries ETS, ATP synthase, and translocase toCitrkaciddeerattyacidmove ADP in and ATP outSoxdatioidaeVConvolutions create folds - more surface area -Porin channelsDNAriboMawmore room for energy-generating machineryATR.ADP,P,MSI-.CaP-,KManrsometabolic
Mitochondrion Outer membrane Permeable to small molecules and ions Inner membrane Impermeable to most small molecules Vital for forming and maintaining proton gradient Carries ETS, ATP synthase, and translocase to move ADP in and ATP out Convolutions create folds – more surface area – more room for energy-generating machinery