Different Images of Human Being Greek Classic and Hellenistic Thoughts Greek classic Hellenistic Citizen Member of mankind Division of human Equal to one another Being: freemen/ slaves Privileged Community -Universal Community
Different Images of Human Being Greek Classic and Hellenistic Thoughts Greek Classic Hellenistic - Citizen - Member of Mankind - Division of Human - Equal to one another Being: freemen/ slaves - Privileged Community - Universal Community
Natural law and two orders ■ Natura|LaW That law which is common to all men is not the law of any definite state nor was it made and written by a definite legislator. It is the law of eternal reason, which man discovers in himself despite conventions, customs and legal acts to which he is subjected by his membership in a given political community a double allegiance and two orders: as a member of human being and a member of a state; the moral(and reasonable) order and the political (and not necessarily reasonable)one
Natural Law and Two Orders ◼ Natural Law That law which is common to all men is not the law of any definite state, nor was it made and written by a definite legislator. It is the law of eternal reason, which man discovers in himself despite conventions, customs and legal acts to which he is subjected by his membership in a given political community. ◼ Double allegiance and two orders : as a member of human being and a member of a state; the moral (and reasonable) order and the political (and not necessarily reasonable) one
Turning to Inner Life 政治秩序固然并非总是反自然的,但它决非是令人 向往的。纷纷不已的党争僭主的心血来潮,市场及 政治的自发力量,在在使人对政治产生恐惧、不定 及无助感历史走着自己的路似乎丝毫不受人力的 影响人甚至连正在进行的过程是什么也浑然不知 这就难怪斯多葛派及其他许多哲学家倾向于对 现存政治结构持一种疏离态度,退回內心世界,专注 于伦理的关怀。或是追求不为物役、不为情牵在 世事无常的流转中咬定青山、自作主宰的内圣境 界,或是推广其众生平等之仁心于宇宙之内,以实现 ″四海之内皆兄弟”的大同理想
Turning to Inner Life 政治秩序固然并非总是反自然的,但它决非是令人 向往的。纷纷不已的党争,僭主的心血来潮,市场及 政治的自发力量,在在使人对政治产生恐惧、不定 及无助感;历史走着自己的路,似乎丝毫不受人力的 影响,人甚至连正在进行的过程是什么也浑然不知 。这就难怪斯多葛派及其他许多哲学家倾向于对 现存政治结构持一种疏离态度,退回内心世界,专注 于伦理的关怀。或是追求不为物役、不为情牵,在 世事无常的流转中咬定青山、自作主宰的内圣境 界;或是推广其众生平等之仁心于宇宙之内,以实现 ”四海之内皆兄弟”的大同理想
参考书与本章问题 参考书 罗素:《西方哲学史》(上),第25、27、28章 苗力田主编:《古希腊哲学》,斯多亚学派节,601-14页;伊壁鸠鲁 节,637-45页。 北京大学主编:《西方哲学原著选读》(上),第159-195页。 ■本章问题 自然法思想起源于古希腊智者学派,为什么流行于希腊化时代,思想 的风向是怎样改变的? 希腊化时代人性观与社会观与古典希腊时代相比发生了怎样的变化, 为什么会有这样的变化? 斯多葛主义为什么同时征服了统治者和被统治者,这其中的思想与社 会的关系是怎样的?
参考书与本章问题 ◼ 参考书 ◼ 罗素:《西方哲学史》(上),第25、27、28章 ◼ 苗力田主编:《古希腊哲学》,斯多亚学派节,601-14页;伊壁鸠鲁 节,637-45页。 ◼ 北京大学主编:《西方哲学原著选读》(上),第159-195页。 ◼ 本章问题 ◼ 自然法思想起源于古希腊智者学派,为什么流行于希腊化时代,思想 的风向是怎样改变的? ◼ 希腊化时代人性观与社会观与古典希腊时代相比发生了怎样的变化, 为什么会有这样的变化? ◼ 斯多葛主义为什么同时征服了统治者和被统治者,这其中的思想与社 会的关系是怎样的?
2.希腊化和罗马社会思想(2)
2. 希腊化和罗马社会思想(2)