5.1 The atomic structure of hydrogen 5.2 The atomic structure of many-electron atoms 5.3 Periodic law of elements

§4.3 The relationship between standard equilibrium constant K and rGm  §4.2 Direction of a chemical reaction §4.1 The state of a chemical reaction at equilibrium §4.4 The shift of a chemical equilibrium

§2.2 Thermochemistry §2.3 Direction of a chemical reaction To study chemistry using the theories and methods of thermodynamics 1) heat exchange in chemical reactions 2) directions and extent of reaction processes §2.1 the First law of thermodynamics

1.1 Chemistry---the central science full of practicability and creativity 1.2 Features of chemical changes 1.3 History, revival and development of inorganic chemistry 1.4 How to study easily and efficiently inorganic

§4.1 The standard equilibrium constant §4.2 The application of the standard equilibrium constant 4.3 The shift of a chemical equilibrium 4.4 Spontaneous reactions and entropy §4.5 Gibbs function

8.1 The atomic structure of hydrogen 8.2 The atomic structure of many-electron atoms 8.3 Periodic law of elements

§7.1 The fundamental concepts of redox reactions §7.2 Electrochemical cells §7.3 Electrode potentials §7.4 Application of electrode potentials

§ 6.3 Equilibrium between two precipitates § 6.2 Forming and dissolving of precipitates § 6.1 Solubility and solubility product

§ 5.4 Buffer solutions § 5.3 Equilibrium in solutions of weak acids and weak bases § 5.2 Ionization equilibrium of water and the pH scale § 5.1 The Brønsted theory of acids and bases

2.1 Basic terms in thermodynamics 2.2 the First law of thermodynamics 2.3 Heat of a chemical reaction 2.4 the Hess's law