Diagnosis of cardiac and respiratory arrest raditional methods 1.Carotid pulse check by lay rescuers 2. Loss of consciousness 3. Pupil dilation 4. Respiratory arrest

hat is critical care medicine Multidisciplinary healthcare specialty cares for patients with acute, life- threatening illness or injury which including continuum of life support from the scene through discharge Coordinated care systems, analysis of treatment options, protocols, guidelines for the care of individual patients Monitoring and therapy Intensive care medicine in Europe

History and development of Endocrinology(1) Roughly a hundred years ago, Starling coined the term hormone to describe secretin, a substance secreted by the small intestine into the blood stream to stimulate pancreatic secretion. In his Croonian Lectures, Starling considered the endo- crine and nervous systems as two distinct mechanisms for coordination and control of organ function. Thus, endocrinology found its first home in the discipline of mammalian physiology

Contents Normal anatomy,physiology and metabolism of the kidney Clinical manifestation of renal disease Diagnosis and treatment

Water and Sodium Metabolism Control of water excretion Control of sodium excretion Hyponatremia and hypernatremia

Classification Prerenal ARF Intrinsic renal ARF Postrenal ARF

Introduction Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition involving a variety of cells including eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and epithelial cells of the airway, as well as cellular elements, which gives rise to the increase of airway hyper-reactivity. Extensive changeable and reversible ventilatior restriction is common and can cause recurrent tachypnea, feeling of out of breath, and coughing. The symptoms are more

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (reduced RBC life span) Anemia of increased destruction cNormochromic, normochromic anemia Shortened RBC survival cRReticulocytosis--Response to increased rBC destruction caIncreased indirect bilirubin cRIncreased LDH

Chronic Renal Insufficiency Pathogen and pathogenesis Manifestation Laboratory examination Diagnosis and differential diagnosis Treatment

Definition Absent iron-store hemoglobin synthesisl A microcytic and hypochromic anemia The most common nutritional