yielding metabolism in aerobic organisms. All oxi￾dative steps in the degradation of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids converge at this final stage of cellular respiration, in which the energy of oxidation drives the synthesis of ATP. Photophosphorylation is the means by which photosynthetic organisms capture the energy of sunlight—the ultimate source of energy in the bio￾sphere—and harness it to make ATP. Together

he third and final part of this book explores the bio￾chemical mechanisms underlying the apparently con￾tradictory requirements for both genetic continuity and the evolution of living organisms. What is the molecular nature of genetic material? How is genetic information transmitted from one generation

solar energy as the driving force for this global process (Fig. 1). All living organisms also require a source of nitro￾gen, which is necessary for the synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and other compounds. Plants can generally use either ammonia or nitrate as their sole source of ni￾trogen, but vertebrates must obtain nitrogen in the form

一,名词解释 stem sell, 衰老小体, tonoplast, cell coat, G protein linked receptor, part icle gun bombardment gap junction, Hayflick limit

一,名词解释 中等纤维 马达分子或动力蛋白 核孔复合体 膜基质 微管和微丝的联系蛋白 着丝粒和端粒

一,名词解释 核孔复合体 肌醇磷脂信号通路 过氧化物酶体 细胞质基质 Signal Sequence a nd Signal patch

一, 名词解释 1,异染色体 2,间隙连接 3,核孔复合体 4,中间纤维 5,初级溶酶体 6 ,染色体端粒 7,细胞癌基因

一. 名词解释 细胞学说 核小体 端粒 桥粒 核纤层 信号肽,导肽 当家基因,奢侈基因

基本概念 第一节 非随机交配现象 第二节 正聚类交配 第三节 反聚类交配 第四节 其他聚类交配形式 第五节 细胞群体遗传学

麻省理工大学：遗传学（Genetics）讲稿_lecture35