in realityin actual fact (used to say that sth.is different from what people think)事实上：实际上comeinto playstarttohappenorhaveaneffect开始发生作用；开始起作用in thatforthereasonthat因为；由于call for1makesth.necessaryorsuitable需要；使有必要2saypubliclythatsth.mustbedone呼吁：要求play the oddstakerisks;tryone'sluck冒险；运气inarowhappeninginanumberoftimesoneaftertheother连续地be/getstuck on sth.beunabletosolveaproblemand continueworking被困住；被难住subject to sth.1likelytoexperiencesth.ortobeaffectedbysth易经受的；易受影响的2dependingonwhethersth.happens取决于的；有待于.的PropernamesJenkins/'d3enkinzl詹金斯（姓氏）the Canary/ka'neari/Islands加那利群岛（位于非洲西北部的大西洋，隶属西班牙）UNIT1Lifeand logic23
According to the text, thereason whypeople6Reading comprehensiondon't want to leave a bad investment situationandcommitthesunk costfallacyisthatUnderstanding the textA they don't want to admit that they have2Choose thebestanswer to each of themade a poor decisionfollowing questionsB theywill lose more money if they decide1 What is a traditional view about smart peoplenot to continue itaccording toParagraph1?C they will have greater chances to win ifA They often do wrong things.they are patientB They have no cognitive biases.D they don't want their previous investmentsC They can make better decisionsto bewastedD They can learn things more quickly.7From the text, we can learn that smart people2According to thetext,the mosttypicalmake bad decisions becausecharacteristic of the fundamental attributionA they don'tknowmuchabout cognitiveerror is thatbiasesA youblame other people ortheirpersonalityB they don't knowmuch about their ownforan existingproblemlimitationsB you believe competence is most importantC they are likely to be affected by someto achieving successcognitive biasesC you don't recognize the importance of luckD they lack knowledge about things not inin someone's successtheir field of studyD you hold a negative attitude toward the8 The purpose of the text iswork you are trying to doA to help us learn about cognitive biases and3If you are only interested in evidence that isbe better at decision-makingin agreement with your own belief, you areto explain why smart peoplemakevariousBbeingaffected bykinds of poor decisionsA the fundamental attribution errorC to prove to us that cognitive biases are notB the confirmation biasrare but are with us every dayC the overconfidence biasD to showthe similarities and differencesD the availability biasbetween different cognitivebiases4 The overconfidence bias usually occurs whenCritical thinkingA someone is 100 percent sure about3 Work in pairs and discuss thefollowingsomethingquestions.B someone uses evidence that is easilyavailableCan you give an example to illustrate that you1C someone fails to examine the evidencehave also been affected by cognitive biasescarefullywhen making a decision? What do you thinkD someone has no evidence and has to makeare the best ways to avoid thesebiases?aguess2 Do you often listen to experts when you are5 The availabilitybias leads to strange andin doubt of something? Why or why not?inaccurate conclusions because it causesAre people smart in the same way or in different3peopletoways? Explain your answer with details.A becometoo confidentabouttheirpredictionsHowdo you comment on the quote"Knowing4B use evidence that is not so convincing anda lot of facts is not the same as being smart"?strong5What do you think determines one'sC pay too much attention to others'characterintelligence? Is it genes or is it environment?flawsD avoid information that is not supportive oftheir views24New Horizon College English Third Edition
10 AccordingtotheofyourLanguage focusneighbors, you were not at home the nightwhen the crime was committed; so, be sureWords in useto tell us where you were4Fill in theblankswiththewords givenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.EachExpressions in useword can beused only once.5 Fill in theblankswiththeexpressionsgivenhypothesistriggerformulatethresholdbelow.Change the form where necessary.Each-decayincidenceobscurerefuteexpressioncanbeusedonlyonce.realmtestimonysubject tofactor.+intoby virtue of1 Hundreds of endangered sea turtles werecomeintoplayplaytheoddsgetstuckonfound dead along the coast last week,attribute.tocallforconcerns about pollution and1 They don't know if their decision will work,local fishingpracticesbut they do know that over time they will2During World War Il, very often heavysucceed more often if they continue toclouds would completelythetarget area, causing the bombs to be dropped2Aging is a factor that correlates with loss ofin quite the wrong places sometimes.flexibility.However,how much of that loss is3 After theexperiment,scientists will waittodue to our changing lifestyle as opposed to thesee what will happen in these children whenactual aging process isthey grow up and to see whether the resuldebate.will support their3Hehishistroubles4At present, it is difficult toanown endless drive forachievement and theappropriate plan that is systematic and canpressures to live up to his parents ambitionsbe widely accepted by economists in theforhim.marketplace.4 Projects requiring skills not possessed bythe5As oneof theyoungestprofessorsintheworkers aremore difficult to accomplish; so.university, Mr.Brown is certainly on thetimemusttheprojectof a brilliant career.to allow these workers to obtain the needed6 The officials of the university should issueskills.ofa stricter ruleto curb the5 The results of the studyviolence and bullying among students.further investigation into whether athletes7 It is still notpossible to confirm or tofrom different team sports experiencedthe claim that there is a casualanxiety in similar types of situations.relationshipbetweentheamount offatwe6its smallness, the houseeat and the incidence of heart attacks.remains extremely inexpensive with respecttoSince writing is one of the primary means of8energy consumption even if it is not perfectlyassessment in the academic,itispositioned for solar harnessing,important that students be trained to think7Ifyou doa word,youcritically and write effectively.can ask your teacher what it means, or look it9 Every year the leaves fall from the trees andup in the dictionary or online.; in other words, they turn dark8 Hisknowledge of these waters and his skilland graduallyfall to pieces and become partin sailingmustnowtoof the soil.keep the boat heading west against the strongcurrents.25UNIT1Lifeand logic
7 Completethefollowing sentencesbySentence structuretranslatingthe Chinese into English, using the6Rewrite the following sentences usingphrase"in that"to introduce the reason.thestructure"thetimehascomeforsth.(orModel:Theavailabilitybias is also relatedforsb./sth.to dosth.)".Makechangeswherenecessary.toerrorsinestimationModel:Itwasnowtimeto convertourrelationshipfromacademictoromantic（因为我们常常会凭借回忆某一例证的难易程Thetime had comeforthe conversion度来推测哪种结果更可能出现）ofourrelationshipfromacademicto+Theavailabilitybias isalso relatedtoromantic.errors in estimation,inthatwetendtoestimatewhat outcome is more likely by1 It's time to takea broad international effort tohoweasilywecanrecountan exampleintegrate China into the global economy.from.memory.Thesereportsdifferfromhis earlierwork2 We should now recognize thattraditional art（因为它们对公共养老金问题提出了解决办法）forms presented in traditional venues cannotcompetewithobjectsproducedbypopular2These forumsareuniqueculture.（因为它们给视角不同的人提供了一个进行公开、真诚交流的场所)，3Now it's high time to consider the policy of3 Social support has been found to act as aconserving these material resources on whichstress reducerthepermanentprosperityof ourcountrymustdepend.（因为它使得处在危难中的人们免遭身体及心理问题的困扰）。26New Horizon College English Third Edition
CollocationWhile human beings are rational, we're not nearly as rational as we like to believe.We often seeaseemingly tremendous intellectual (B4U1A)make a very poor decision,proving that those who thinkthey arealways in a logic-proof loop (B4U1B)are merely like everyone else.Whydo intelligent peopleoften make inaccurate conclusions (B4U1B)that consequentlyputtheminto trouble?Foronething,theseanalytical thinkers (B4U1A)may be so close to a particular situation that they lack valid points (B4U1B).In othercircumstances,theirfeelingscan distortthetruth(B4U1A).Whilepeopledobelievethatbehavior and reasoning go hand-in-hand, there is only a low incidence (B4U1B)of such ideal behavior,unfortunately.Poordecisions aremade as a consequence offlawedunderlyingassumptions (B4U1B)orlimited availableevidence(B4U1B).Bothfactors can play a rolein leading intelligentpeoplewrongdespitetheirwatertightlogic(B4UTB).Inmanyinstances,smarterpeoplesubconsciouslyconsider(B4U1B)themselves "being smart"but end up being more vulnerable to thinking errors.There is a cognitive bias(B4U1B)thatisrootedinourtendencytomakejudgmentalmistakes.8Dr.Swansonhas publishedanarticle,"WhyWarm-up:Can you replace the underlinedSmartPeopleMakeBadDecisions",inthemostwordswiththeonesprovidedintheboxtorecent issue of Journal of Social Science.Whileimprove the style?reading hisarticle,complete it withappropriatecollocationsfromthetexts,You'reprovidedwithintellectuallightenerroneousthefirstletter(s)foreachofthecollocations.demandsvastlywinningHave you ever wondered that well-educatedpeoplemightbecapableofmakingbadFor smart people,manythings comeeasilydecisions-just like everyone else?Thewithout much effort.They always think they areevidence seems to be1)auin the bright venue while others lack inoverwhelming thatthe answer is“yes",Buthowrigor.Thedanger is1)intelligentcan this be? Why do smart people sometimesthat they become so reliant on feeling smartbelief?stick in 2)erand havingpeoplepraisethem to 2)liftthemood thatthey avoid doingBill Gates once commented that success is ananything that 3)needsawful teacher as it convinces people into thinkingaccountability.They start to believe thatthey can't lose.That's truly a 3)if you're not good at something from thepoint.People should still remember the crazybeginning,you're destined to have noexciting dot-com days when instant millionairesprobability,and4)successfulcashed out from banks and, believing they werethe thing, therefore, isn't worth doing.Theirundefeated sincethey viewed theirbeliefmakesthemfail5)wrongrigorhighly.Nevertheless,4)into further develop their natural talents sincethey later came crashing down to earth with aexceeds thetheir confidence 6) farloud“bang"when they lost everything.Successaccuracy of their judgments.does have a way of boosting one's confidencethemood but meanwhileand5)liblinding people into irrational decision-making.27UNIT1 Lifeand logid