TextALove and logic:Thesoryofa falaeyO1I hadmyfirstdatewithPollyafterI madethetradewithmyroommateRob.Thatyearevery guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of beingthe onlyfootball player who didn't, so hemadea pact that he'd giveme his girl inexchangeformyjacket.Hewasn'tthebrightestguy.Pollywasn'ttooshrewd,either.2But shewas pretty,well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too muchmakeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliantlawyer.If I could showthe elitelawfirms Iapplied tothatI had aradiant,well-spokencounterpartbymyside, I justmight edgepast the competition.3 "Radiant" she was already.I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her"well-spoken",4Afterabannerdayout,Idroveuntilweweresituatedunderabigoldoaktreeonahill offtheexpressway.WhatI had inmind was alittleeccentric:I thoughtthevenuewith a perfect viewof theluminous citywould lightenthemood.We stayed in thecar,andI turneddownthestereoandtookmyfootoffthebrakepedal,"wWhatarewegoingtotalkabout?"sheasked.UNIT1Lifeand logic
5"Logic."6"Cool,"she said over her gum.7"The doctrine of logic,"I said,"is a staple of clear thinking.Failures in logic distort thetruth, and some ofthem are well known.First let's look at the fallacyDicto Simpliciter."8"Great," she agreed.g "Dicto Simpliciter means an unqualified generalization.For example: Exercise is good.Therefore, everybody should exercise."10Shenoddedinagreement11 I could see she was stumped."Polly,"I explained,"it's too simple a generalization.Ifyou have, say, heart disease or extreme obesity, exercise is bad, not good. Therefore,youmustsayexerciseisgoodformostpeople."12Next is Hasty Generalization.Self-explanatory,right? Listen carefully:You can't speakFrench.Rob can't speak French. Looks like nobody at this school can speak French."13"Really?"saidPolly,amazed."Nobody?""This is also a fallacy," I said."The generalization is reached too hastily.Too few14instances support such a conclusion."15She seemed to have a good time.I could safely say my plan was underway.I took herhomeandsetadateforanotherconversation16 Seated under the oak the next evening I said, "Our first fallacy tonight is called AdMisericordiam."Shenodded withdelight.1718"Listen closely,"I said."Aman applies for a job.When the boss asks him what hisqualifications are, he says he has six children to feed."19"Oh,thisisawful,awful,"shewhispered inachokedvoicezo"Yes,it's awful," I agreed,"but it's no argument.Theman neveranswered the boss'squestion.Instead heappealed to the boss's sympathy-Ad Misericordiam."21Sheblinked, still trying hard tokeepback her tears.22"Next,"I said carefully,"wewill discuss False Analogy.An example, students should beallowedto lookattheirtextbooksduring exams,because surgeonshave X-raystoguidethem during surgery."4New Horizon College English Third Editior
23"I like that idea,"she said.24"Polly,"I groaned,"don't derail the discussion.The inference is wrong.Doctors aren'ttaking a test to see how much they have learned, but students are. The situations arealtogether different. You can't make an analogybetween them."25"I still thinkit'sagood idea,"said Polly.26With five nights of diligent work,Iactuallymade a logician out of Polly.She was ananalytical thinker at last. The time had come for the conversion of ourrelationshipfromacademictoromantic.27"Polly," I said when next we sat under our oak,"tonight we won't discuss fallacies."28"Oh?"she said,a little disappointed.29Favoring her with a grin, I said, "We have now spent five evenings together.We getalongprettywellWemakeaprettygood couple,"30"Hasty Generalization,"said Polly brightly."Or as a normal person might say,that's alittle premature, don't you think?"31 I laughed with amusement. She'd learned her lessons well, far surpassing myexpectations."Sweetheart,"I said,patting her hand in a tolerant manner,"five dates isplenty.After all, you don't have to eat a whole cake to know it's good."32 "False Analogy,"said Polly promptly."Your premise is that dating is like eating.Butyou're not a cake, You're a boy."33 I laughed with somewhat less amusement, hiding my dread that she'd learned herlessons too well.Afew more false steps wouldbemydoom.I decided to changetacticsand try flattery instead.34"Polly, I love you.Please say you'll go out with me. I'm nothing without you."35"Ad Misericordiam,"she said."You certainly can discern a fallacy when you see it,"I said, my hopes starting to36crumble."But don't take them so literally.I mean this is all academic.Youknow thethings you learn in school don't have anything to do with real life.""Dicto Simpliciter,"she said."Besides,you really should practice what you preach."3738 I leaped to myfeet,mytemper flaring up."Will you or will you not go outwith me?"39"Notoyourproposition,"shereplied.5UNIT1Lifeand logic
40"Why?"Idemanded."I'm more interested in a different petitioner-Rob and Iare backtogether."41/With great effort, I said calmly,"How could you giveme the axe over Rob? Look at me,42an ingenious student,a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future.Look atRob, a muscular idiot, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is coming from.Can you give me one good reason why you should be with him?"43"Wow, what presumption! I'll put it in a way someone as brilliant as you canunderstand,"retorted Polly,her voice dripping with sarcasm."Full disclosure-I likeRob in leather,I told him to sayyes to you so he could have your jacket!"(997words)New wordsfallacy 'faelasi/[C]anideaorbeliefthat isfalsebutthatmanypeoplethink istrue谬论；见n.[C] an agreement between two or more people or organizations in whichpact/paekt/n.theypromisetodosth.协定：契约；盟约：条约1 able to judge peopleand situations very well and makegood decisionsshrewd /frurd/o（人）精明的，机敏的2welljudged and likelytoberight（决定和判断）准确的，英明的well-off /,wel'pf/(infml.）rich，orhavingenoughmoneytolivewell富裕的；有钱的a.dye /dal/change the color of sth.such as clothing or your hair using a particularut.substance给染色[C, U] a substance used for changing the color of sth.such as clothing orn.yourhair（用于染衣服、头发等的）染料，染剂1 [U] substances that people put on theirfaces, including their eyes andmakeup/'meikap/2lips,inordertolookattractiveorchangetheirappearance化妆品2[sing.] the people orthings thatcombinetoform a single group or whole组成；构造；结构oforrelatingtothebestormostskillfulpeopleinagroup精英的；精锐的elite/rlit/a.[C a group of people who have a lot of power and influence because theyn.havemoney，knowledge,orspecialskills（社会）精英；上层人士1 full of happiness and love, in a way that shows in yourface andmakesradiant /'reidiont/a.youlookattractive容光焕发的；喜悦的2verybright灿烂的；明亮的[C sb.or sth.that has the same job or purpose as another person or thing,counterpart/kaonta,pa:t/1.butinadifferentplacetime,situation，ororganization职务相当的人；职能相当的物6New Horizon College EnglishThird Edition
pearl /p3:l/[C] 1 (~s of wisdom)wiseremarks-used esp.when you really think thatn.sb.'sremarksareslightlystupid有见识的评说，智慧的结晶（尤为反话）2 a small round jewel that is typically white and shiny and that growsinsidetheshellofanoyster珍珠banner/"baena/（AmE）excellent，extremelysuccessful极好的；非常成功的[C] a wide pieceofclothwithamessageon it,oftenstretchedbetweentwon.poles横幅；横幅标语situated /'sitfu,ertd/a.(be~)beinaparticularplace;located位于；坐落于expressway/ik'spres,wei/n.[C] (AmE)a wide road with several lanes of traffic going in each direction,builtforfasttraveloverlongdistances高速公路venue/'venju:/n.[C]aplacewhereanactivityoreventhappens（事件的）发生地点：（活动的）场所luminous/lu:minas/1verybright很明亮的；灿烂的a.2shininginthedark发光的：夜明的stereo/'steriou/[C] a machinefor playing records, CDs, etc. that produces sound from twon1.speakers立体声音响（设备）pedal 'pedl/[C] a part that you push with your foot in orderto operate a bicycle,n.vehicle，ormachine（自行车、车辆或机器的）脚踏板gum/gAm/1[U](alsochewinggum)口香糖n.2[C] thefirm pink flesh inyourmouth that your teeth arefixed into牙;齿龈staple'steipl/[C]1aregularandimportantpartorfeatureofsth.主要内容；基本特点n.2订书钉(onlybeforenoun)formingthegreatestormost importantpartofsth.主要a.的；最重要的distort/dr'stort/1 change sth.such as information so that it is no longertrue or accuratevt.曲：曲解2 changethe way sth.looks,sounds, orbehaves so that itbecomes strangeordifficulttorecognize使变形：使失真：使反常(usu.passive)be unabletofind an answeror think ofareplyto a questionstump/stamp//.orproblem使困感；难倒[C the part of a tree left above the ground after it has been cut throughn.nearthebase树桩：树墩[U] a condition in which sb.is too fat in a way that is dangerous for theirobesity/au'birsati/n.health过度肥胖：肥胖症(fml.）intendedtohelpyouunderstandsth.说明的：解释的explanatory /ik'splenat(o)ria.underway /,anda"wer/(neverbeforenoun）alreadystartedorhappening在进行中的a.[C] an opinion you form about sth.that is based on information youinference /'nf(a)rans/n.alreadyhave推理；推断；断定(also analytic)thinking aboutthings in adetailed and intelligent way,sothatanalytical/,ena'ltikl/a.youcanexamineandunderstandthem头脑周密的；善于分析的；分析的[C,U] theprocessofchangingsth.fromoneform,purpose,orsystemconversion/kan'v3:fn/n.another转变：改造：转换>UNIT1Life and logic