Gene X Gene Y Gene Z FLASH Synthesize short ss oligo- nucleotides complementary to genes X,Y,and Z Affix DNA to chip at known locations Gene X Gene Y Gene Z DNA chip Growth Growth Probe chip with condition condition labeled mRNA 1 2 and scan chip Gene X expressed Gene X not expressed Genes Y and Z not expressed Genes Y and Z expressed 2012 Pearson Education,Inc
FLASH
12.6 Proteomics蛋白质组学 Profeome:all the proteins present in a cell,tissue,or organism at any one time.蛋白质组：在某一时期的一 个细胞组织/生物中的所有蛋白质 Proteomics or functional genomics:large scale or genomewide study of the structure,function,and regulation of proteins of an organism蛋白质组学功能 基因组学 Chen Feng,Lecture of Microbiology
Chen Feng, Lecture of Microbiology 12.6 Proteomics 蛋白质组学 Proteome: all the proteins present in a cell, tissue, or organism at any one time.蛋白质组:在某一时期的一 个细胞/组织/生物中的所有蛋白质. Proteomics or functional genomics: large scale or genomewide study of the structure, function, and regulation of proteins of an organism蛋白质组学/功能 基因组学
Mr (kDa) 160- 81- can separate,identify,and measure all the proteins 43 present in a sample of cells. 可用于分离，鉴定和测定 细胞样品中的所有蛋白质 25 12 7 6 5 Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)of proteins 蛋白质双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳
Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of proteins 蛋白质双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 can separate, identify, and measure all the proteins present in a sample of cells. 可用于分离, 鉴定和测定 细胞样品中的所有蛋白质
Because of degeneracy of the genetic code, differences in the DNA sequence may not necessarily lead to differences in the amino acid sequence.不同的DNA序列不一定导致氨基酸 Arg Ser Leu 序列的不同 AGA UCA CUU There is strong evidence that proteins with greater Arg Ser Leu than 50%sequence identity usually have quite 2 CGA UCG CUG similar functions (there are exceptions to this rule) 序列与功能的相关性 Ser Ala Arg 3 AGU GCA CGU Chen Feng,Lecture of Microbiology
Chen Feng, Lecture of Microbiology Because of degeneracy of the genetic code, differences in the DNA sequence may not necessarily lead to differences in the amino acid sequence. 不同的DNA序列不一定导致氨基酸 序列的不同 There is strong evidence that proteins with greater than 50% sequence identity usually have quite similar functions (there are exceptions to this rule). 序列与功能的相关性
I.The Evolution of Genomes Homologous:related in sequence to an extent that implies common genetic ancestry @Gene families:groups of gene homologs基因家族 Paralogs:genes within an organism whose similarity to one or more genes in the same organism is the result of gene duplication旁系同源 Orthologs:genes found in one organism that are similar to those in another organism but differ because of speciation 直系同源：起源于不同物种的最近的共同祖先的一些基因。 Chen Feng,Lecture of Microbiology
Chen Feng, Lecture of Microbiology III. The Evolution of Genomes Homologous: related in sequence to an extent that implies common genetic ancestry Gene families: groups of gene homologs基因家族 Paralogs: genes within an organism whose similarity to one or more genes in the same organism is the result of gene duplication旁系同源 Orthologs: genes found in one organism that are similar to those in another organism but differ because of speciation 直系同源：起源于不同物种的最近的共同祖先的一些基因