Supporting InformationEvidence of Polyethylene Biodegradation by BacterialStrainsfromtheGutsofPlastic-EatingWaxwormsJun Yang,Yu Yang',Wei-Min Wu, Jiao Zhaoand Lei Jiang1 Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology ofMinistry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191, P. R. China.2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy CodigaResourceRecoveryResearchCenter,CenterforSustainableDevelopment&GlobalCompetitiveness, Stanford University,Stanford, CA 94305-4020,USA3 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Bioenergy, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, P. R. China6pages,2figures, and2tables一1
1 Supporting Information Evidence of Polyethylene Biodegradation by Bacterial Strains from the Guts of Plastic- ating Waxworms Jun Yang1*§, Yu Yang1§, Wei-Min Wu2 , Jiao Zhao3 and Lei Jiang1 1 Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China. 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Research Center, Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA 3 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Bioenergy, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, 35China 6 pages, 2 figures, and 2 tables
Figure S1.Waxworms (larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner))chew and eat PEfilm
2 Figure S1. Waxworms (larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner)) chew and eat PE film
25(de)rassu201510LC-cerogeronusFigure S2. Changes in the tensile strength of the PE film samples incubated witheight different isolated bacterial strains.Strains YTI and YP1 showed the bestperformanceamongall isolates
3 0 5 10 15 20 25 E. asburiae YT1 Bacillus sp. YP1 P. aeruginosa YHPJ1 K. pneumoniae subsp. THPJ3 K. granulomatis THPJ2 B. cereus NMJ4 B. stratosphericus NMJ3 E. cancerogenus NMJ2 Tensile strength (Mpa) Sterile control Figure S2. Changes in the tensile strength of the PE film samples incubated with eight different isolated bacterial strains. Strains YT1 and YP1 showed the best performance among all isolates
Table S1. Summary of the reported microbial cultures capable of degrading virgin PEStrainIsolatedWeightTested PECharacterizationIncubationMolecularDegradationReferencetime, dloss, %productsmethodsweight(year)sourceLDPE film:Rhodococcus ruberSoil ofPEBiofilm formation;22567.5C208Mw: 191, 000Weight lossNDNDwaste disposal(2006)sitemeasurementBacillus sphericusBiofilm formation;2610NDNDAltWeight loss(2008)measurement,Marine water180LDPEfilmBacilluscereusBF20bacteriaSurface analysis,2.5NDNDThermal analysis;Mechanical property28Kocuria palustrisBiofilmformation,-NDNDM16(2013)Weight lossBacillus pumilusMarine watermeasurement;301.5NDNDLDPEfilmM27bacteriaSurface analysisBacillus subtilis1.75NDNDH158429HDPE:ContainingArthrobacter sp.Plastic wasteBiofilmformation;12NDNDGMB5Weight loss(2010)dumpsites ofantioxidants and30GulfofPseudomonas sp.colorantsmeasurement;15NDNDGMB7MannarSurface analysis80NDNDND30Pseudomonassp.E4Soil bacteriaLowmoleculalEvolved CO2一4
4 Table S1. Summary of the reported microbial cultures capable of degrading virgin PE. Strain Isolated source Tested PE Characterization methods Incubation time, d Weight loss, % Molecular weight Degradation products Reference (year) Rhodococcus ruber C208 Soil of PE waste disposal site LDPE film: Mw: 191, 000 Biofilm formation; Weight loss measurement 56 7.5 ND ND 22 (2006) Bacillus sphericus Alt Marine water bacteria LDPE film Biofilm formation; Weight loss measurement; Surface analysis; Thermal analysis; Mechanical property 180 10 ND ND 26 (2008) Bacillus cereus BF20 2.5 ND ND Kocuria palustris M16 Marine water bacteria LDPE film Biofilm formation; Weight loss measurement; Surface analysis 30 1 ND ND 28 (2013) Bacillus pumilus M27 1.5 ND ND Bacillus subtilis H1584 1.75 ND ND Arthrobacter sp. GMB5 Plastic waste dumpsites of Gulf of Mannar HDPE: Containing antioxidants and colorants Biofilm formation; Weight loss measurement; Surface analysis 30 12 ND ND 29 (2010) Pseudomonas sp. GMB7 15 ND ND Pseudomonas sp. E4 Soil bacteria Low molecular Evolved CO2 80 ND ND ND 30
(2012)weight PE;measurement,Mw.1,70023,700;Surface analysis;From thermaldegradation ofcommercial PESoil bacteriaLDPE filmPseudomonas sp.Biofilm formation;AKS231Weight loss5ND45ND(2012)measurement;Surface analysisBiofilm formation;Pseudomonas3220NDaeruginosa PAOIWeight lossDetected(2012)(ATCC 15729)measurement,Surface analysis,Pseudomonas11Mechanical property,NDNDaeruginosa (ATCCType strain15692)Degraded products120LDPEfilmbacteriaPseudomonas putida9NDND(ATCC 47054)Pseudomonas11.3NDNDsyringae(ATCC10862)Evolved CO,Low molecular29Compost80NDNDChelatococcus sp.Elweight PE;Increasedmeasurement,bacteria(2013)Mw:1,70023,700;Molecular weight5
5 weight PE; Mw:1,700~23,700; From thermal degradation of commercial PE measurement; Surface analysis; (2012) Pseudomonas sp. AKS2 Soil bacteria LDPE film Biofilm formation; Weight loss measurement; Surface analysis 45 5 ND ND 31 (2012) Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (ATCC 15729) Type strain bacteria LDPE film Biofilm formation; Weight loss measurement; Surface analysis; Mechanical property; Degraded products 120 20 ND Detected 32 (2012) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15692) 11 ND ND Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 47054) 9 ND ND Pseudomonas syringae (ATCC 10862) 11.3 ND ND Chelatococcus sp. E1 Compost bacteria Low molecular weight PE; Mw:1,700~23,700; Evolved CO2 measurement; Molecular weight 80 ND Increased ND 29 (2013)