Chest injury followingmotorcycle accidentPenetrating traumaNon-penetrating traumaChest wall injuryOpen pneumothoraxLung injury11
11 Chest wall injury Open pneumothorax Lung injury Chest injury following motorcycle accident Penetrating trauma Non-penetrating trauma
Pathophysiology of Thoracic TraumaBluntTraumaResultsfromkineticenergyforcesSubdivisionMechanismsBlastPressurewavecausestissuedisruptionTearbloodvessels&disruptalveolartissueDisruptionoftracheobronchialtreeTraumatic diaphragm ruptureNon-penetrating traumaCrush (Compression)BodyiscompressedbetweenanobjectandahardsurfaceDirect injury of chestwall and internal structuresDecelerationBody in motion strikes a fixed objectBlunttrauma to chest wallInternal structurescontinueinmotionLigamentumArteriosumshearsaortaAge FactorsPediatricThorax:Morecartilage=Absorbsforces12GeriatricThorax:Calcification &osteoporosis=Morefractures
12 Pathophysiology of Thoracic Trauma ◼ Blunt Trauma ◼ Results from kinetic energy forces ◼ Subdivision Mechanisms ◼ Blast ◼ Pressure wave causes tissue disruption ◼ Tear blood vessels & disrupt alveolar tissue ◼ Disruption of tracheobronchial tree ◼ Traumatic diaphragm rupture ◼ Crush (Compression) ◼ Body is compressed between an object and a hard surface ◼ Direct injury of chest wall and internal structures ◼ Deceleration ◼ Body in motion strikes a fixed object ◼ Blunt trauma to chest wall ◼ Internal structures continue in motion ◼ Ligamentum Arteriosum shears aorta ◼ Age Factors ◼ Pediatric Thorax: More cartilage = Absorbs forces ◼ Geriatric Thorax: Calcification & osteoporosis = More fractures Non-penetrating trauma
Pathophysiologyof ThoracicTrauma Penetrating TraumaLow EnergyArrows,knives,handgunsInjury caused by directcontactandcavitationHigh EnergyMilitary,hunting rifles & highpowered hand gunsExtensiveinjuryduetohighpressurecavitation
13 Pathophysiology of Thoracic Trauma ◼ Penetrating Trauma ◼ Low Energy ◼ Arrows, knives, handguns ◼ Injury caused by direct contact and cavitation ◼ High Energy ◼ Military, hunting rifles & high powered hand guns ◼ Extensive injury due to high pressure cavitation Trauma.org
Pathophysiology of Thoracic Trauma Penetrating Injuries (cont.)Shotgun- Injury severity based upon the distance between thevictim and shotgun & caliber of shotType I: >7 meters from the weaponSoft tissue injuryType II: 3-7 meters from weaponPenetration into deep fascia and some internalorgansType III: <3 meters from weapon Massive tissue destruction14
14 Pathophysiology of Thoracic Trauma ◼ Penetrating Injuries (cont.) ◼ Shotgun ◼ Injury severity based upon the distance between the victim and shotgun & caliber of shot ◼ Type I: >7 meters from the weapon ◼ Soft tissue injury ◼ Type II: 3-7 meters from weapon ◼ Penetration into deep fascia and some internal organs ◼ Type III: <3 meters from weapon ◼ Massive tissue destruction
Trauma.org
Trauma.org