Thoracic Traumatracheabronchusbronchiolesribslung(insideview)-lungrib(cutaway)diaphragm-
1 Thoracic Trauma
Thoracic SurgeryThoracic surgery is the field of medicine involved in the surgicaltreatment of diseases affecting organs inside the thorax (the chest)excluding the heart.Generally treatment of conditions of the lungs, chest wall.esophagus and diaphragmThoracic surgery is often grouped with cardiac surgery and calledcardiothoracic surgery (primarily in the United States)ed1aEsophagusLoweresophagealsphincterStomachWADAM
2 ◼ Thoracic surgery is the field of medicine involved in the surgical treatment of diseases affecting organs inside the thorax (the chest) excluding the heart. ◼ Generally treatment of conditions of the lungs, chest wall, esophagus and diaphragm. ◼ Thoracic surgery is often grouped with cardiac surgery and called cardiothoracic surgery (primarily in the United States). Thoracic Surgery
Anatomy and Physiology of the ThoraxThoracic Skeleton12 Pair of C-shaped ribsRibs 1-7: Join at sternum with cartilage end-pointsRibs 8-10: Join sternum with combined cartilage at 7th ribRibs11-12:NoanteriorattachmentSternumAngle of LouisManubriumManubriumJoins to clavicle and 1st ribTrueribsBodySternum(vertebrosternalJugularNotchXiphoid.BodyprocessCostalcartilageSternal angle (Angle of Louis)JunctionofthemanubriumwithAttachment of 2nd ribVertebrochondralFalseribsXiphoidprocessribsDistalportionof sternumFloating ribs
3 Anatomy and Physiology of the Thorax ◼ Thoracic Skeleton ◼ 12 Pair of C-shaped ribs ◼ Ribs 1-7: Join at sternum with cartilage end-points ◼ Ribs 8-10: Join sternum with combined cartilage at 7th rib ◼ Ribs 11-12: No anterior attachment ◼ Sternum ◼ Manubrium ◼ Joins to clavicle and 1st rib ◼ Jugular Notch ◼ Body ◼ Sternal angle (Angle of Louis) ◼ Junction of the manubrium with the sternal body ◼ Attachment of 2nd rib ◼ Xiphoid process ◼ Distal portion of sternum
Anatomy and Physiology of the ThoraxThoracic SkeletonTopographical Thoracic Reference LinesMidclavicular lineAnterior axillary lineMid-axillarylinePosterioraxillarylineIntercostal spaceArtery,VeinandNerveoninferiormarginofeachribThoracic InletSuperioropeningofthethoraxCurvatureof1stribwithassociatedstructuresThoracic OutletInferioropeningofthethorax12th rib and associated structures & Xiphisternal joint
4 Anatomy and Physiology of the Thorax ◼ Thoracic Skeleton ◼ Topographical Thoracic Reference Lines ◼ Midclavicular line ◼ Anterior axillary line ◼ Mid-axillary line ◼ Posterior axillary line ◼ Intercostal space ◼ Artery, Vein and Nerve on inferior margin of each rib ◼ Thoracic Inlet ◼ Superior opening of the thorax ◼ Curvature of 1st rib with associated structures ◼ Thoracic Outlet ◼ Inferior opening of the thorax ◼ 12th rib and associated structures & Xiphisternal joint
Anatomy and Physiology of the ThoraxEsophagusTrachea, Bronchi & LungsTracheaTracheaLungs-HeartHollow&cartilagesupportedstructure-DiaphragmBronchiRight&leftextendfor3centimetersStomach. Enters lungs at Pulmonary HilumAlsowherepulmonaryarteries&veinsenterFurthersubdivideandterminateasalveoliBasicunitofstructure&functioninthelungsSingle cell membraneExternal versus Internal RespirationLungs Right = 3 lobesLeft = 2 lobes5
5 Anatomy and Physiology of the Thorax ◼ Trachea, Bronchi & Lungs ◼ Trachea ◼ Hollow & cartilage supported structure ◼ Bronchi ◼ Right & left extend for 3 centimeters ◼ Enters lungs at Pulmonary Hilum ◼ Also where pulmonary arteries & veins enter ◼ Further subdivide and terminate as alveoli ◼ Basic unit of structure & function in the lungs ◼ Single cell membrane ◼ External versus Internal Respiration ◼ Lungs ◼ Right = 3 lobes ◼ Left = 2 lobes