°5., Policy review Annex 3 of the wTo agreement establishes a trade policy review Mechanism (TPRM whose purpose is to improve transparency, to create a greater understanding of the policies that countries are adopting, and to assess their impact. Many members also see the review as constructive feedback on their policies 11
11 •5.,Policy review • Annex 3 of the WTO agreement establishes a Trade PoLicy Review Mechanism (TPRM) whose purpose is to improve transparency, to create a greater understanding of the policies that countries are adopting, and to assess their impact. Many members also see the review as constructive feedback on their policies
Section 3. Major principles of wto 关于WIO基本原则的说明 1、所谓的WTO原则,不是某一个WTO文件中规定的,而是学者的总结 我国学者的观点也不完全致,一般包括:非歧视原则、透明度原则、逐渐削减关税原 则、一般取消数量限制原则、自由贸易原则、公平竞争原则、互惠原则等等。 本节以WTO网站自己公布的原则为讲解内容。 I. Trade without discrimination: Most-favoured-nation MFN and national treatment 2. Freer trade: gradually, through negotiation 3. Predictability: through binding and transparency 4. Promoting fair competition 5. Encouraging development and economic reform .1.Trade without discrimination A country should not discriminate between its trading partners (giving them equally most-favoured-nation"or Mfn status); and it should not discriminate between its own and foreign products, services or nationals (giving them “ national treatment”) A. Most-favoured-nation treatment (MFN): treating other people equally .a. Meaning: Under the wto agreements, countries cannot normally discriminate between their trading partners. Grant someone a special favour (such as a lower customs duty rate for one of their products) and you have to do the same for all other wto members This sounds like a contradiction. It suggests special treatment, but in the wto it actually means non-discrimination- treating virtually everyone equally b Importance: It is one of the bedrock principles of the Wto It is the first article of gatt, which governs trade in goods. . MFN is also a priority in GATS (Article 2)and triPs (Article 4), although in each agreement the principle is handled slightly differently
12 Section 3. Major Principles of WTO 关于 WTO 基本原则的说明： 1、所谓的 WTO 原则，不是某一个 WTO 文件中规定的，而是学者的总结； 2、我国学者的观点也不完全一致，一般包括：非歧视原则、透明度原则、逐渐削减关税原 则、一般取消数量限制原则、自由贸易原则、公平竞争原则、互惠原则等等。 3、本节以 WTO 网站自己公布的原则为讲解内容。 1. Trade without discrimination: Most-favoured-nation (MFN) and National treatment 2. Freer trade: gradually, through negotiation 3. Predictability: through binding and transparency 4. Promoting fair competition 5. Encouraging development and economic reform •1.Trade without discrimination •A country should not discriminate between its trading partners (giving them equally “most-favoured-nation” or MFN status); and it should not discriminate between its own and foreign products, services or nationals (giving them “national treatment”). •A. Most-favoured-nation treatment (MFN) : treating other people equally •a. Meaning: Under the WTO agreements, countries cannot normally discriminate between their trading partners. Grant someone a special favour (such as a lower customs duty rate for one of their products) and you have to do the same for all other WTO members. • This sounds like a contradiction. It suggests special treatment, but in the WTO it actually means non-discrimination — treating virtually everyone equally . •b. Importance: It is one of the bedrock principles of the WTO. • It is the first article of GATT, which governs trade in goods. •MFN is also a priority in GATS (Article 2) and TRIPS (Article 4), although in each agreement the principle is handled slightly differently