Aerobic energy metabolism Glycolysis: Glucose Pyruvate NADH Respiration: ATP ATP Acetyl-CoA NAD H,O TCA-cycle: NADH 0 ADP C02 Aerobic energy metabolism-a simplified overview.The reduced energy substrate (glucose)is oxidised to pyruvate by NAD in a series of reactions called glycolysis.this generates a small amount of the energy carrier ATP.Pyruvate is further oxidised to Co2 by co- enzymes (NAD)in the TCA-cycle.The reduced coenzymes(NADH)are re-oxidised NAD*) in the respiratory chain,where molecular oxygen is the ultimate receiver of the electron.This oxidation is coupled to generation of a relatively large amount of ATP. In anaerobic respiration,nitrate,sulphate or some other oxidised specie is used as electron acceptor instead of molecular oxygen.In fermentative energy metabolism,the NADH from the glycolysis is reoxidised by reduction of pyruvate to fermentation products like ethanol,lactate etc.(Fig 4.6-4.7)
Aerobic energy metabolism
Inositol Gi CTP T RHA Glycogen P DHA ,一G1ca2司 GIP 61n Gla His Proteins---AAs -162四 CoQ] 3-P-GIye SerTrD 四∠3-p-G1y DBAp一GA3P E-4-P PAB ph回 fungi Cys..Ser 3-P-GA DAHP -horismate-☑言网 四 GOA Ala PEP a国 PTA 园G亩sm PHB PYR a-KIV Leu AcCoA C卫一回一p AcCoA RCO-ACP 3-P-clye Lipid PL dr回V PIR ASA 0A6 CTA DDp但o题o-Se王 IsoprenoidCoQ FAs G08 ICA Lys fungi Thr 一Pxo DAP SCA IC ScCoAa-KG G1 D网一Cisp a 80 PorphyrinCtychro图 GIn re回与yiar图 能量代谢副产物合成示意图
能量代谢副产物合成示意图
2.2.Metabolic regulation Catabolism CAnabolism> Macromolecules> Induction and Feed back Individual Catabolite Input inhibition Input mechanisms rate rate repression for various and macro- Constitutive molecules enzymes Repression of Consumption Global Overflow enzymes rate regulatory metabolism systems Principles of regulation of metabolism
2.2. Metabolic regulation Principles of regulation of metabolism
2.3.Catabolic regulation 1 Aerobic energy metabolism in aerobic and facultative organisms 2 The phosphotransferase system of E.coli. Glucose-P →Enz III9 PEP Enz PYR The phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system of E.coli.Enz I =Enzyme I,Hpr-Heat stable protein;EnzⅢglc=EnzymeⅢ，soluble enzyme,. specific for glucose;Enz IIglc Enzyme II,membrane bound glucose specific permease
2.3. Catabolic regulation ① Aerobic energy metabolism in aerobic and facultative organisms ② The phosphotransferase system of E.coli
Interaction between PTS and initial metabolism Glucose Cell membrane HMS← Glucose-6-P Fructose-1,6-P 2 PEP PYR
Interaction between PTS and initial metabolism