Chapter 13 Industrial Use of Enzymes
Chapter 13 Industrial Use of Enzymes
Analytical 10% pharmaceutical (10) Glucose isomerase (6) 6 Lip83e3(3%) carbo- Cellulase lactase (1) Pectinases(3) hydrases 18% Amylases (18) Trypsin (3) 10% Rennin (10%) proteases 25% Alk.proteases(25) 21% Other proteases(21) The enzyme market
13.1 Hydrolytic enzymes Examples of enzyme costs in production of some products Application Enzyme Unit for cost Enzyme cost (US cents) Detergent Protease 1kg detergent 2-4 Starch 1kg starch liquefaction c-amylase 0.2-0.5 saccharification Glucoamylase 0.4-0.8 isomerisation Glucose isomerase 1.0-1.5 Cheese Rennin 1L milk 0.1 Ethanol from starch 1L ethanol a-amylase 0.2-0.5 Glucoamylase 0.7-1.4 Brewing c-amylase ILbeer 0.1 Juice production Pectinase ILjuice 0.1-0.2 Hide dehairing Protease 1m2hide 1-5
13.1 Hydrolytic enzymes
13.1.1 Proteases Cell mass Hemi- Alkaline cellulase B-glucanase protease 仪-8mula3e neutral uoneauaouog protease Fermentation time (h) 100 Typical production pattern for extracellular enzymes in a batch cultivation of a Bacillus
13.1.1 Proteases
Main groups of proteases(endo-peptidases) Group. Active site Inhibitors Example/source Alkaline Ser(His) PMSF Trypsin(pancreas) Oxidising agents Subtilisin (Bacillus) Neutral Zn2+:Ca2+ Chelators Bacillus Heavy metals A.oryzae Acid Asp Resistant to the others Chymosin(calf) Microb.rennet (Mucor Thiol Cys Hg Papain(papaya) Oxidising agents