综合英语（二）Lesson 7The Greatest InventionIntroduction to the author and related background knowledgeTheme of the story: the purpose of scienceVocabulary (word study): the suffixes -ism, -th ; Language points: goashore, decent, figure, cavalry charges, spur,fierce,bribeglory,plague,what if,let loose, have sth.within one's grasp,keep sb.at sth, but for,mark an area off, a strip of, brood, lose thegrip on,Grammar Focus: the use of"as"and“it";relative clausesDifficult sentencesWriting Technique:Type ofwriting:Fantasy,fable and modern fableEightteachinghoursisallocatedforthischapterText AIntroduction to the author and related background knowledge1.About the author, LordDunsany,and hisfantasy"TheGods of Pegana"2.Germ warfare:Germis an informal term for a disease-causing organism,particularly bacteria.Biological warfare,also known as germwarfare, isthe use of any organism (bacteria,virus or otherdisease-causing organism)or toxin found in nature,as a weapon of war.It is meant to incapacitate orkillan adversary.Biological warfare is a cause for concern becausea successful attack could conceivablyresult in thousands,possiblyeven millions,of deaths and could cause severe disruptions to societies andeconomies.Howevertheconsensusamongmilitaryanalysts isthatexcept inthecontext of bioterrorismbiological warfare is militarily of little use3.Examples of biological warfare:Rajneeshi Salmonella Attack:In a small town in Oregon,followers of the Rajneesh Yoga attempted tocontrol a local election by infectinga salad barwith salmonella.Theattack causedabout 9o0 peopletoget sick, and was thus quite effective.2001 anthrax attack:In September and October of 2001,several cases of anthraxbroke out in theUnited Statesin the 200l anthrax attacks, caused deliberately This was a well-publicized act ofbioterrorism.ThemeofthestoryIn todays world, ordinary people may have access to the most dangerous weapons of massdestruction. It is possible for a few individuals to hold the whole of humanity as hostage. It is not easy tofind a solution.But now is the time to start thinking.What is the purpose of science. It can bringhappiness to us. But it can also turn out to be Pandora' s box,What should scientists do in thecircumstance?What is the driving force of scientific development? Should science always aim at serving37
综合英语（二） 37 Lesson 7 The Greatest Invention Introduction to the author and related background knowledge Theme of the story: the purpose of science Vocabulary (word study): the suffixes –ism, -th ; Language points: go ashore, decent, figure, cavalry charges, spur , fierce, bribe glory, plague, what if, let loose, have sth. within one’s grasp, keep sb. at sth, but for, mark an area off, a strip of, brood, lose the grip on, Grammar Focus: the use of “as” and “it”; relative clauses Difficult sentences Writing Technique：Type of writing: Fantasy, fable and modern fable Eight teaching hours is allocated for this chapter. Text A Introduction to the author and related background knowledge 1.About the author, Lord Dunsany, and his fantasy "The Gods of Pegana". 2.Germ warfare: Germ is an informal term for a disease-causing organism, particularly bacteria. Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of any organism (bacteria, virus or other disease-causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war. It is meant to incapacitate or kill an adversary. Biological warfare is a cause for concern because a successful attack could conceivably result in thousands, possibly even millions, of deaths and could cause severe disruptions to societies and economies. However the consensus among military analysts is that except in the context of bioterrorism, biological warfare is militarily of little use. 3.Examples of biological warfare: Rajneeshi Salmonella Attack: In a small town in Oregon, followers of the Rajneesh Yoga attempted to control a local election by infecting a salad bar with salmonella. The attack caused about 900 people to get sick, and was thus quite effective. 2001 anthrax attack: In September and October of 2001, several cases of anthrax broke out in the United States in the 2001 anthrax attacks, caused deliberately. This was a well-publicized act of bioterrorism. Theme of the story In today’s world, ordinary people may have access to the most dangerous weapons of mass destruction. It is possible for a few individuals to hold the whole of humanity as hostage. It is not easy to find a solution. But now is the time to start thinking. What is the purpose of science. It can bring happiness to us. But it can also turn out to be Pandora’s box . What should scientists do in the circumstance? What is the driving force of scientific development? Should science always aim at serving
英语专业课程教学大纲a practical need?Language points (words and expressions): go ashore, decent, figure, cavalry charges, spur,fierce, bribe glory,plague, what if, let loose, have sth. within one's grasp, keep sb. at sth, but for,mark an area off,a strip of,brood,lose the grip on,Grammar Focus: the use of"as"and"it";relative clausesDetailed analysis of the Text1.What do you think is going to happen, Jokens? (para.1) “Happen" to what? What were thesepeople talking about? Who were they?2..When thebottlehad beenuncorkedandthewinepoured out,...hebeganto talk.(para.5)Whatwords have been omitted in“the wine poured out"? Why was the wine compared to the tropical sunlight?What special quality was being suggested?3.Andwehadascientistwho,asI havesinceseenproved,hadnorival westof theAtlantic.(para.6)Paraphrase the sentence.4.You may not have thought it,"he said, “but I was in our Ministry of Warfare."(para.1O)Explain the use of“mayhere.Haveyou ever heard of anygovernmentthat calls itsMinistry ofDefensebythat name?Whatpurposedoyouthink is achievedbyusingtheword“warfare"?5.Hethought of war simply as an opportunity for cavalry charges and fine uniforms and glory.(para.12)Explain the word"charge"here.6.And the splendor of our position faded like dreams. We were so nearly one of the Great Powersbut fora fancy that came tothisman'smind.(para.24)Paraphrasethe first sentence.Explain“"but forafancy".7.Iexamined his blade of grass, and he gave me every facility,-.. (para. 44)What facility8."Whether it was that the stranger's tale was told,"Jorkens concluded, **.perhapsonthe world."(para.45)Who was putting down his glass?WhydidJorkensmention"wine”so manytimes? What kind of picture was he trying to paint about this man?Writing Technique:Type of writing:Fantasy,fable and modernfableFantasy:It is a situation imagined by an individual or group, which does not correspond with reality butexpresses certain desires or aims of its creator.Fantasies typically involve situations which are impossible (such as the existence of magic powers)or highly unlikely (such as world peace)In literaturefantasy isaformof fiction,usuallynovels or short storiesAsagenre,fantasyisbothassociated and contrastedwithsciencefictionand horrorfiction"Fantasy" seems reserved for fiction that features magic, brave knights, damsels in distress, mythicalbeasts,andquestsFable:a short moral story (often with animal characters)In its strict sense a fable is a short story or folk tale with a moral at the end. It often, but notnecessarily,makes metaphorical use of ananimal as its central character.In some cases usagethetermhasbeen extended to include storieswithmythical orlegendary elements.Modern fable:38
英语专业课程教学大纲 38 a practical need? Language points (words and expressions): go ashore, decent, figure, cavalry charges, spur , fierce, bribe glory, plague, what if, let loose, have sth. within one’s grasp, keep sb. at sth, but for, mark an area off, a strip of, brood, lose the grip on, Grammar Focus: the use of “as” and “it”; relative clauses Detailed analysis of the Text 1. What do you think is going to happen, Jokens? (para.1) “Happen” to what? What were these people talking about? Who were they? 2. When the bottle had been uncorked and the wine poured out, . he began to talk.（para.5）What words have been omitted in “ the wine poured out”? Why was the wine compared to the tropical sunlight? What special quality was being suggested? 3. And we had a scientist who, as I have since seen proved, had no rival west of the Atlantic. (para.6)Paraphrase the sentence. 4. “You may not have thought it,” he said, “but I was in our Ministry of Warfare.” (para. 10)Explain the use of “may” here. Have you ever heard of any government that calls its Ministry of Defense by that name? What purpose do you think is achieved by using the word “warfare”? 5. He thought of war simply as an opportunity for cavalry charges and fine uniforms and glory. (para.12)Explain the word” charge” here. 6. And the splendor of our position faded like dreams. We were so nearly one of the Great Powers but for a fancy that came to this man’s mind. (para.24) Paraphrase the first sentence. Explain “but for a fancy”. 7. I examined his blade of grass, and he gave me every facility, . (para. 44)What facility. 8. “Whether it was that the stranger’s tale was told,”Jorkens concluded, .perhaps on the world.” (para.45) Who was putting down his glass? Why did Jorkens mention” wine” so many times? What kind of picture was he trying to paint about this man? Writing Technique： Type of writing: Fantasy, fable and modern fable Fantasy: It is a situation imagined by an individual or group, which does not correspond with reality but expresses certain desires or aims of its creator. Fantasies typically involve situations which are impossible (such as the existence of magic powers) or highly unlikely (such as world peace) In literature fantasy is a form of fiction, usually novels or short stories. As a genre, fantasy is both associated and contrasted with science fiction and horror fiction. "Fantasy" seems reserved for fiction that features magic, brave knights, damsels in distress, mythical beasts, and quests. Fable: a short moral story (often with animal characters) In its strict sense a fable is a short story or folk tale with a moral at the end. It often, but not necessarily, makes metaphorical use of an animal as its central character. In some cases usage the term has been extended to include stories with mythical or legendary elements. Modern fable:
综合英语（二）fabled characters of more modern archetypesusing familiar characters in an unfamiliar settingintroduce people's characters in modern lifeupdated message with contemporary circumstance and plot lineDiscussion1."I do not work for use, but for wonder." Do you support this view of science for science's sake?Should scientists mainly aim at those “purposeful effort"?2.In order to make their voice heard, many small nations and nationalities resort to terrorism.Is it anecessary approach for them to get powerful? Discuss with your partners after class.39
综合英语（二） 39 fabled characters of more modern archetypes using familiar characters in an unfamiliar setting introduce people’s characters in modern life updated message with contemporary circumstance and plot line Discussion 1.“I do not work for use, but for wonder.” Do you support this view of science for science’s sake? Should scientists mainly aim at those “purposeful effort”? 2.In order to make their voice heard, many small nations and nationalities resort to terrorism. Is it a necessary approach for them to get powerful? Discuss with your partners after class
英语专业课程教学大纲Lesson8Psychologically SpeakingIntroduction to the author and related background knowledgeVocabulary (word study): prefix fore-, -ishGrammarFocus:if-clauseDifficultsentencesWritingDevices:a situational comedy,no particularlysignificant social ormoralmessage,amusingstoryTextual Structure schedule:The story developed according to the conflictsEightteachinghours isallocatedforthischapterText AIntroduction to the author and related background knowledge1.todefinewhatpsychoanalysisisSigmund Freud2.3.TheFirstWorldWar(1914-1918)Fought between 1914 and 1918, was the first of the great world-wide conflicts of the twentiethcentury,pitting theCentral Powers' of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and smaller allies against the“Entente,notablytheBritishEmpire,France,Russia,Italy,Japan,theUnitedStates,andtheirallies4.Western Front1)InWorld WarOne,themain theatre ofwar,theWesternFront,was deadlocked处于局after thewar's start in 1914 until a few months before its end in 1918, stretching in a continuous line of trenchesfrom the English Channel to the Swiss frontier. By 1916 the forces of Germany, France and the BritishEmpire, armies millions of men strong,measured advances in terms of a few miles gained over severalmonths.Casualties for each big attackor'push'ran into hundredsofthousands on both sides,withcalculations for victory based on national birth-rates to replace the losses.This was not the kind of warthat anyone, including the politicians and generals who directed it, wanted to fight.2)By1918,althoughtheWesternarmiesoutnumberedtheGermans,theWesternFrontbegantoslowdownoffensives攻势into anotherphaseof staticwarfare,turningstrategic situationintoamurderouswarof attrition 消耗战inwhicheach shattered sidecouldnolongersustainanoffensive.Itwas believed that a successful Allied attack in the region of St. Mihiel, the Metz,and Verdun wouldpsychologicallybreak the Germans will to fight,This psychological theory was similar to whathadhappened to the French armies at Verdun in 1917.Then theAmericans, from their bases on the Rhine,could launchoffensives intoGermany.12-16 Sept.1918,theWesternFront of France5.the Battle of St. Mihiel.: One ofthe most significant battles of World War One was fought:The engagement was the first battle in which American led forces,overcoming the bad weather40
英语专业课程教学大纲 40 Lesson 8 Psychologically Speaking Introduction to the author and related background knowledge Vocabulary (word study): prefix fore-, -ish Grammar Focus: if-clause Difficult sentences Writing Devices: a situational comedy, no particularly significant social or moral message, amusing story. Textual Structure schedule: The story developed according to the conflicts. Eight teaching hours is allocated for this chapter. Text A Introduction to the author and related background knowledge 1. to define what psychoanalysis is 2. Sigmund Freud 3. The First World War（1914-1918） Fought between 1914 and 1918, was the first of the great world-wide conflicts of the twentieth century, pitting the ‘Central Powers' of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and smaller allies against the ‘Entente,' notably the British Empire, France, Russia, Italy, Japan, the United States, and their allies. 4.Western Front 1) In World War One, the main theatre of war, the Western Front, was deadlocked 处于僵局 after the war's start in 1914 until a few months before its end in 1918, stretching in a continuous line of trenches from the English Channel to the Swiss frontier. By 1916 the forces of Germany, France and the British Empire, armies millions of men strong, measured advances in terms of a few miles gained over several months. Casualties for each big attack or 'push' ran into hundreds of thousands on both sides, with calculations for victory based on national birth-rates to replace the losses. This was not the kind of war that anyone, including the politicians and generals who directed it, wanted to fight. 2) By 1918, although the Western armies outnumbered the Germans, the Western Front began to slow down offensives 攻势 into another phase of static warfare, turning strategic situation into a murderous war of attrition 消耗战 in which each shattered side could no longer sustain an offensive. It was believed that a successful Allied attack in the region of St. Mihiel, the Metz, and Verdun would psychologically break the Germans will to fight. This psychological theory was similar to what had happened to the French armies at Verdun in 1917. Then the Americans, from their bases on the Rhine, could launch offensives into Germany. 12-16 Sept. 1918, the Western Front of France 5.the Battle of St. Mihiel.: One of the most significant battles of World War One was fought: The engagement was the first battle in which American led forces,overcoming the bad weather
综合英语（二）condition and in-depth series of trenches, wire obstacles, and machine-gun nests that the Germansinstalled to augment their defensivepositions.It altered the strategic situation along the whole WesternFronttill the Germans lost the War.6.Final Peace Treaty: The Versailles Treaty of June 28, 1919. This is the complete text of theVersailleTreaty which ended World War I.7.Puritan: The term "Puritan" first began as a taunt or insult applied by traditional Anglicans to thosewho criticized or wished to "purify" the Church of England.In November 1620, a group of Puritanseparatists,attemptingto escapereligiouspersecution,fled England ontheMayflowertosettle intheNewWorld.Withinfivemonths half of theoriginal 101colonists weredead."Puritan"refers to two distinct groups:1)"separating" puritans, such as the Plymouth colonists, who believed that the Church of Englandwas corrupt and that true Christians must separate themselves from it,2)non-separating puritans, such as the colonists who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony, believedin reforming the established church but not separation, and who believed in forming churches throughvoluntary compacts.The idea of compacts was central to the Puritans' conception of social, political, andreligious organizations.8.Puritan's beliefLike their counterparts in Britain they were extreme Calvinistic Protestants who viewed theReformation as a victory of true Christianity over Roman Catholicism. They believed that the Universewas God- centered, and that man, inherently sinful and corrupt, rescued from damnation only by arbitrarydivine grace, was duty-bound to do God's will, which he could understand best by studying the Bible andtheuniverse whichGod had created and which hecontrolled.9."Quaker":,from England in the mid 17th cen, refers to amember of theReligious Society ofFriends"Quaker" rebelled against the rigid hierarchy and govermment control prevalent in the Anglicanchurch, and began meeting in homes or buildings,waiting upon God silently to make His presence feltand inwardly heard. Any person could be called by God to rise and preach upon any occasion of worship.They weremuchpersecuted inEngland before findingrefuge in theAmerican colonies.10.Tworeputed origins of theQuarker:1)thefirstreferstopeople"quaking"ortremblingwhenfeelingmovedbytheHolySpiritto speak inMeetings for Worship.2)The other is: George Fox was arrested in Derby in October 1650 and charged with blasphemy.George Fox wasquestioned intermittently over an eight hour period, during which at one point GeorgeFox told themagistrates who tried him"Tremble at the word of the Lord".It was Justice Bennett whocoinedthename"QuakersforthefollowersofGeorgeFox1l.RulesoftheQuarker:formerlyaQuakerbackgroundpractices:simplicity,financial responsibility,work ethic, belief in the perfectibility of humankind...GrammarFocus: if-clauseVocabulary (word study):prefix fore-,-ishDetailed Analysis of Language Points: claim, in some/great measure, respect, respectable,respectful, respected, respecting,respective, with honors, There is no point/use(in)doing sth.,havedifficulty/ trouble/a hard time (in) doing sth., What is the use/ point/ good (of) doing sth., It is no use /41
综合英语（二） 41 condition and in-depth series of trenches, wire obstacles, and machine-gun nests that the Germans installed to augment their defensive positions. It altered the strategic situation along the whole Western Front till the Germans lost the War. 6.Final Peace Treaty: The Versailles Treaty of June 28, 1919. This is the complete text of the Versaille Treaty which ended World War I. 7.Puritan: The term "Puritan" first began as a taunt or insult applied by traditional Anglicans to those who criticized or wished to "purify" the Church of England.In November 1620, a group of Puritan separatists, attempting to escape religious persecution, fled England on the Mayflower to settle in the New World. Within five months half of the original 101 colonists were dead. "Puritan" refers to two distinct groups: 1)"separating" puritans, such as the Plymouth colonists, who believed that the Church of England was corrupt and that true Christians must separate themselves from it; 2)non-separating puritans, such as the colonists who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony, believed in reforming the established church but not separation, and who believed in forming churches through voluntary compacts. The idea of compacts was central to the Puritans' conception of social, political, and religious organizations. 8.Puritan’s belief Like their counterparts in Britain they were extreme Calvinistic Protestants who viewed the Reformation as a victory of true Christianity over Roman Catholicism. They believed that the Universe was God- centered, and that man, inherently sinful and corrupt, rescued from damnation only by arbitrary divine grace, was duty-bound to do God's will, which he could understand best by studying the Bible and the universe which God had created and which he controlled. 9."Quaker“:, from England in the mid 17th cen, refers to a member of the Religious Society of Friends. "Quaker“ rebelled against the rigid hierarchy and government control prevalent in the Anglican church, and began meeting in homes or buildings, waiting upon God silently to make His presence felt and inwardly heard. Any person could be called by God to rise and preach upon any occasion of worship. They were much persecuted in England before finding refuge in the American colonies. 10.Two reputed origins of the Quarker: 1)the first refers to people "quaking" or trembling when feeling moved by the Holy Spirit to speak in Meetings for Worship. 2)The other is: George Fox was arrested in Derby in October 1650 and charged with blasphemy. George Fox was questioned intermittently over an eight hour period, during which at one point George Fox told the magistrates who tried him "Tremble at the word of the Lord". It was Justice Bennett who coined the name "Quakers" for the followers of George Fox 11.Rules of the Quarker: formerly a Quaker background practices: simplicity, financial responsibility, work ethic, belief in the perfectibility of humankind. Grammar Focus: if-clause Vocabulary (word study): prefix fore-, -ish Detailed Analysis of Language Points: claim, in some/great measure, respect, respectable, respectful, respected, respecting, respective, with honors, There is no point/use (in) doing sth., have difficulty/ trouble/ a hard time (in) doing sth., What is the use/ point/ good (of) doing sth., It is no use /