BAK/BAXmacroporesfacilitate mitochondrialherniationand mtDNAefflux during apoptosisCytochromecmtDNA+TFAMBAX(orBAK)MitochondrialmatrixIntermembranespaceRLargeBAX/BAKporesInthecytoplasmsomemitochondrialherniaswillInnermitochondrialmembraneherniatesthroughBAX/BAKporeeitherA)lose innermembrane integrityor B)formformintheouterElongatedmitochondrialnetworkatsteadystate.carryingmtDNAandTFAMwithit.singlemembraneboundvesiclesmitochondrialmembrane.Science2018,359(6378)
BAK/BAX macropores facilitate mitochondrial herniation and mtDNA efflux during apoptosis Science 2018, 359(6378)
Mt function-生物氧化（biologicaloxidation）: The processes by which a substance oxidativelydecomposes and releases energy in biological bodyare called Biological Oxidation有机物+02CO,+HO+能量OrganicsEnergy17
• The processes by which a substance oxidatively decomposes and releases energy in biological body are called Biological Oxidation. Mt function－ 生物氧化（biological oxidation） 17 有机物+ O2 CO2 + H2O + 能量 Organics Energy
，生物体内的生物氧化过程与体外燃烧不同的是： The differences between biological oxidation in vivo and in vitrocombustion:>在37℃C，近于中性的含水环境中，由酶催化进行;>Enzymatically catalyzed at 37 °C in a near neutral aqueousenvironment,>反应逐步释放出能量，相当一部分能量以高能磷酸酯键的形式储存起来。> The reaction gradually releases energy, and a considerableportion of the energy is stored in the form of high-energyphosphate ester bond/linkages18
• 生物体内的生物氧化过程与体外燃烧不同的是： • The differences between biological oxidation in vivo and in vitro combustion: ➢在37℃，近于中性的含水环境中，由酶催化进行； ➢ Enzymatically catalyzed at 37 ℃ in a near neutral aqueous environment; ➢反应逐步释放出能量，相当一部分能量以高能磷酸 酯键的形式储存起来。 ➢ The reaction gradually releases energy, and a considerable portion of the energy is stored in the form of high-energy phosphate ester bond/linkages. 18
Outermitochondrialmembrane(permeabletometabolites)CO2Intermembrane spaceInnermitochondrial membraneand cristaeCitric acid cycle1CO2P.+GDPGTPHSCoA0O1Pyruvate+2CO2+CO2OH-CH3-C-CH3SCoA--C1十Acetyl CoATransporterNAD+NADH3NAD+3NADHFADFADHHSCoAAMP+FADH2ATP+PPHSCoAHSCoAFattyacylFattyFattyacylMitochondrialmatrixCoAacidCoATransporterFADNAD+NADH-ATP3ATP2NADNADHADPADPSuccinateTransporters→H202e+2H++0-PONADHNAD+ElectronOHH20FumarateNAD+1217shuttle3HmFADINIl3H+H+H+HfFoF,complexElectrontransportchainMt functionPyruvatedehydrogenase,citricacidcycle,andfattyacidmetabolism7Electrontransportfrom NADH andFADH2to oxygen;generationofproton-motiveforce2193ATPsynthesisbyFoF,usingproton-motiveforce
Mt function 19
生物氧化的一般过程General process of biological oxidation蛋白质甘油三酯糖原TriglycerideProteinGlycogen1脂酸+甘油葡萄糖氨基酸Fattyacid+GlycerolAmino AcidGlucose乙酰CoAmitochondrionAcetylCoATCACO2ATPADP+Pi2HH20呼吸链20respiratoryelectrontransportchain
糖原 Glycogen 甘油三酯 Triglyceride 蛋白质 Protein 葡萄糖 Glucose 脂酸+甘油 Fatty acid + Glycerol 氨基酸 Amino Acid 乙酰CoA Acetyl CoA 呼吸链 respiratory electron transport chain H2O CO2 ADP+Pi ATP 生物氧化的一般过程 General process of biological oxidation 2H TCA 20 mitochondrion