Microbes don't have beaks!BacillusanthracisBradyrhizobiumjaponicum
Bacillus anthracis Bradyrhizobium japonicum Microbes don’t have beaks!
Moleculartools: inferring relationships“Alignment"of16S/18SrRNA.GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAGCGTATATTAAAGTTGCTGCAGTTAAAAAG.Homo sapiensS.cereviceaeGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAGCGTATATTAAAGTTGTTGCAGTTAAAAAG.zea maizeGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAGCGTATATTTAAGTTGTTGCAGTTAAAAAGEscherichia coliGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGAGGGTGCAAGCGTTAATCGGAATTACTGGGCGTAAAGCGAnacystis nidulans.GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGGAGAGGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGCG.Thermotoga maritimaGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGGGGCAAGCGTTACCCGGATTTACTGGGCGTAAAGGGMethanococcusvannieliiGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACCGACGGCCCGAGTGGTAGCCACTCTTATTGGGCCTAAAGCG.Thermococcus celerGTGGCAGCCGCCGCGGTAATACCGGCGGCCCGAGTGGTGGCCGCTATTATTGGGCCTAAAGCGSulfolobus sulfotaricus.GTGTCAGCCGCCGCGGTAATACCAGCTCCGCGAGTGGTCGGGGTGATTACTGGGCCTAAAGCG.Evolutionary"Clock”HUMANYEASTQUANTITATIVELYINFERRELATIONSHIPS
Molecular tools: inferring relationships Homo sapiens .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAGCGTATATTAAAGTTGCTGCAGTTAAAAAG. S. cereviceae .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAGCGTATATTAAAGTTGTTGCAGTTAAAAAG. Zea maize .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAGCGTATATTTAAGTTGTTGCAGTTAAAAAG. Escherichia coli .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGAGGGTGCAAGCGTTAATCGGAATTACTGGGCGTAAAGCG. Anacystis nidulans .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGGAGAGGCAAGCGTTATCCGGAATTATTGGGCGTAAAGCG. Thermotoga maritima .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGGGGCAAGCGTTACCCGGATTTACTGGGCGTAAAGGG. Methanococcus vannielii .GTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACCGACGGCCCGAGTGGTAGCCACTCTTATTGGGCCTAAAGCG. Thermococcus celer .GTGGCAGCCGCCGCGGTAATACCGGCGGCCCGAGTGGTGGCCGCTATTATTGGGCCTAAAGCG. Sulfolobus sulfotaricus .GTGTCAGCCGCCGCGGTAATACCAGCTCCGCGAGTGGTCGGGGTGATTACTGGGCCTAAAGCG. “Alignment” of 16S/18S rRNA QUANTITATIVELY INFER RELATIONSHIPS HUMAN YEAST Evolutionary “Clock
A Remarkably Different View of BiodiversityFungiPlantaeBacteriaAnimaithaeaALLplantsanimalsand fungiProtistaEucaryaManera
A Remarkably Different View of Biodiversity Bacteria Archaea Eucarya ALL plants, animals and fungi Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
FirmicutesBacilliDivision/PhylaBacillalesClassBacillaceaeOrderFamilyGenus
Family Order Division/Phyla Genus Firmicutes Bacillales Bacillaceae Class Bacilli
TheFaceof BacillussubtilisBacillus>99.8%identical16SrRNASpecies
The Face of Bacillus subtilis >99.8% identical 16S rRNA Species Bacillus