TheMcGraw-HillCompaniesChapter 4ASurveyofFoundationsinProkaryoticCellsandMicrobiologyMicroorganismsEIGHTHEDTTIOKathleenParkTalaroBarryChessCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
Chapter 4 A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
Characteristics of Cells andLifeAll living things (single and multicellular) are made ofcells that share some common characteristics:- Basic shape - spherical, cubical, cylindrical- Internal content - cytoplasm, surrounded by amembrane- DNA chromosome(s), ribosomes, metabolic capabilitiesTwo basic cell types: eukaryotic and prokaryotic2
2 Characteristics of Cells and Life All living things (single and multicellular) are made of cells that share some common characteristics: – Basic shape – spherical, cubical, cylindrical – Internal content – cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane – DNA chromosome(s), ribosomes, metabolic capabilities Two basic cell types: eukaryotic and prokaryotic
FLEXCharacteristicsofCellsEukaryotic cells: animals, plants, fungi, and protists- Contain membrane-bound organelles thatcompartmentalize the cytoplasm and perform specificfunctions- Contain double-membrane bound nucleus with DNAchromosomesProkaryotic cells: bacteria and archaea- No nucleus or other membrane-bound organellesCopyright The McGraw-HillCompanies, hc. Permis sion required for reproduction or dis playProkaryoticEukaryoticNucleusMitochondriaChromosomeRibosomesRibosomesCell wall CellmembraneFlagellumFlagellum3Cellmembrane
3 Characteristics of Cells Eukaryotic cells: animals, plants, fungi, and protists – Contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize the cytoplasm and perform specific functions – Contain double-membrane bound nucleus with DNA chromosomes Prokaryotic cells: bacteria and archaea – No nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles Copyright © The McGraw -Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display Cell membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Cell membrane Cell wall Flagellum Flagellum Chromosome Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Ribosomes
Characteristicsof Life: Reproduction and heredity - genome composedof DNA packed in chromosomes; produceoffspring sexually or asexuallyGrowth and development. Metabolism - chemical and physical lifeprocesses Movement and/or irritability - respond tointernal/external stimuli; self-propulsion of manyorganisms: Cell support, protection, and storage mechanisms- cell walls, vacuoles, granules and inclusionsTransportofnutrients andwaste4
4 Characteristics of Life • Reproduction and heredity – genome composed of DNA packed in chromosomes; produce offspring sexually or asexually • Growth and development • Metabolism – chemical and physical life processes • Movement and/or irritability – respond to internal/external stimuli; self-propulsion of many organisms • Cell support, protection, and storage mechanisms – cell walls, vacuoles, granules and inclusions • Transport of nutrients and waste
Structure ofabacterial cellCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or displayCell wallFimbriaeRibosomesCellmembraneapsuleSlimelayerCytoplasmicmatrixa06Mesosome5ActinChromosomePilusFlagellumInclusionfilaments(DNA)body
Structure of a bacterial cell 5 Ribosomes Cell wall Cell membrane Chromosome (DNA) Actin filaments Pilus Cytoplasmic matrix Capsule Inclusion body Flagellum Fimbriae Slime layer Mesosome Copyright © The McGraw -Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display