共享电子对 Nonmetals form covalent bonds to one another by sharing pairs of electrons
● ● · · 共享电子对 Nonmetals form covalent bonds to one another by sharing pairs of electrons
共价键的形成过程:σ键(头碰头) Overlap region Atoms approach each other H H H Overlap region The overlap of orbitals to form covalent bonds. (a) The bond in h results from the overlap of two ls orbitals from two H atoms.(b) The bond in HCl results from the overlap of a ls orbital of h and one of the lobes of a 3 orbital of Cl(c) The bond in Cl, results from the overlap of two 3p orbitals from two Cl atoms
共价键的形成过程： 键（头碰头） The overlap of orbitals to form covalent bonds. (a) The bond in H2 results from the overlap of two 1s orbitals from two H atoms. (b) The bond in HCl results from the overlap of a 1s orbital of H and one of the lobes of a 3p orbital of Cl. (c) The bond in Cl2 results from the overlap of two 3p orbitals from two Cl atoms
π键:p轨道(肩并肩) 22 r(2px,2p2) r(2py,2p 02p2,2p2) O-bond T-bonds π-bond (b)
键：p轨道（肩并肩）
共价键的本质和特点 共价键的本质是由于原子相互接近时轨道重 叠(即波函数叠加),原子间通过共用自旋 相反的电子对使能量降低而成键。 Atomic orbitals 共价键的主要特点是具有饱和性和方向性
共价键的主要特点是具有饱和性和方向性。 共价键的本质和特点 共价键的本质是由于原子相互接近时轨道重 叠（即波函数叠加），原子间通过共用自旋 相反的电子对使能量降低而成键
H Li Be B N O F Ne Electronegativity 101.62.02.63.03.44.0 4.0- gAl PSCIAr 0931.31.6 222.632 3.0-3.9 2.0-2.9 K a Kr 0.821.31.62.02.22.63.0 1.0-1.9 0-0.99 Rb In Sn Sb Te X 0.820.951.82.02.12.12.7 Cs Ba TI Pb Bi Pc At Rn 0790.892.02.32.02.0 2 31415161718