离子键强度与晶格能: 晶格能(U)( Lattice Enthalpies) 定义:晶格能表示相互远离的气态正离子和负离子结 合成1mo离子晶体时所释放的能量,或1mol离子晶 体解离成自由气态离子时所吸收的能量。( A measure of the attraction between ions is lattice enthalpy, the enthalpy change per mol of formula units when a solid is broken up to a gas of widely separated ions. (取其绝对值)如: Cal(g)+ 2cI(g)e Cacl2(s) △H=U=2260kJ/mol
离子键强度与晶格能： • 定义：晶格能表示相互远离的气态正离子和负离子结 合成 1 mol 离子晶体时所释放的能量，或1 mol 离子晶 体解离成自由气态离子时所吸收的能量。（A measure of the attraction between ions is lattice enthalpy, the enthalpy change per mol of formula units when a solid is broken up to a gas of widely separated ions.） （取其绝对值）如： Ca2+ (g) + 2Cl- (g) CaCl2 (s) – H = U = 2260.kJ/mol 晶格能（U） (Lattice Enthalpies) ⎯⎯⎯⎯→
离子键强度与晶格能: Born- Lande公式 U=-ve∝Z1z2/r 其中:Ⅴe为正负离子间吸引力和排斥力达平衡时,体系的 位能;Z1、Z2分别为正负离子的电荷数;r为正负离子间 距 the closer the center of charge and the greater the charges, the stronger will be the interaction Born- Haber循环计算U(课外自学)
离子键强度与晶格能： Born-Lande 公式 U = -Ve ∝ Z1Z2 /r 其中： Ve 为正负离子间吸引力和排斥力达平衡时，体系的 位能；Z1、Z2 分别为正负离子的电荷数；r为正负离子间 距。 the closer the center of charge and the greater the charges, the stronger will be the interaction。 • Born-Haber 循环计算U（课外自学）
离子化合物的性质 (The Properties of lonic Compounds) 高熔点 High melting points 高沸点 High boiling points ·易脆性 Brittleness 溶解性 Some are soluble, some not 「例Ca3PO)2:骨头的主要成分 The doubly charged small Cat ions, and the triply charged Po4-ions attract one another very strongly and clamp together to form a rigid, insoluble solid (not completely insoluble, osteoporosis,骨质疏松症)
离子化合物的性质 (The Properties of Ionic Compounds) • 高熔点 High melting points • 高沸点 High boiling points • 易脆性 Brittleness • 溶解性 Some are soluble, some not. [例] Ca3 (PO4 )2：骨头的主要成分 The doubly charged small Ca2+ ions, and the triply charged PO4 3- ions attract one another very strongly and clamp together to form a rigid, insoluble solid. (not completely insoluble, osteoporosis，骨质疏松症)
C PO PO PO Ca
2、共价键( Covalent bonds) 从原子到分子( from atoms to molecules) 八隅率与 Lewis结构 CThe octet rule and lewis structure) 双原子分子 多原子分子 共振杂化形式电荷例外 广义八隅率( Expended valence shells Lewis酸碱( Lewis acids and bases)
2、共价键 (Covalent Bonds) • 从原子到分子 (from atoms to molecules) • 八隅率与Lewis结构 (The octet rule and Lewis structure) 双原子分子 多原子分子 共振杂化 形式电荷 例外 • 广义八隅率 (Expended valence shells) • Lewis 酸碱 (Lewis acids and bases)