Syntheic gene fragment, coding Bacterial cell i stage 3 Insert the human insulin gene into E. coli and culture the recombinant Ecoli to produce insulin (trade name= Humulin) Mitosis. Yeast is also used to produce insulin (trade name 0000 Novolin⑧)(1987) Recombinant dna technology has also made it possible to manufacture slightly-modified forms of human insulin that work faster (Humalog& and novolog )or slower (lantus) than regular human insulin
◼ Stage 3 Insert the human insulin gene into E. coli and culture the recombinant E.coli to produce insulin (trade name = Humulin®). Yeast is also used to produce i n s u l i n ( t r a d e n a m e = N o v o l i n ® ) ( 1987 ) . Recombinant DNA technology has also made it possible to manufacture slightly-modified forms of human insulin that work faster (Humalog® and NovoLog®) or slower (Lantus®) than regular human insulin
Physiological disposition of insulin Insulin must be administered parenterally, usually by S.c. Injection. a It is metabolised by the liver and the kidney and has a half-life of 9-10 minutes To extend its period of action, slowly release reparations have been developed
Physiological disposition of insulin ◼ Insulin must be administered parenterally, usually by s.c. injection. ◼ It is metabolised by the liver and the kidney and has a half-life of 9-10 minutes. ◼ To extend its period of action, slowly release preparations have been developed
Types of insulin ● Regular insulin ● Insulin analogs Pre-mixed insulin ● Short peptide mimics
Types of insulin ⚫ Regular insulin ⚫ Insulin analogs ⚫ Pre-mixed insulin ⚫ Short peptide mimics
Insulin affects many organs: amino acids protein a It stimulates skeletalmuscle fibers uptake synthesis It stimulates liver cells glycogen It acts on fat cells glucose synthesis uptake It inhibits production of certain enzyne. fat synthesis In each case, insulin triggers these effects by binding to the insul receptor enzyme glycogen production breaking
Insulin affects many organs: ◼ It stimulates skeletal muscle fibers. ◼ It stimulates liver cells. ◼ It acts on fat cells ◼ It inhibits production of certain enzyme. In each case, insulin triggers these effects by binding to the insulin receptor. glucose uptake glycogen synthesis protein synthesis amino acids uptake enzyme production glycogen breaking fat synthesis
The Pharmacological Action of Insulin It allows the active uptake of glucose and its utilisation in muscle and fat cells It stimulates synthesis of glycogen in the liver. It inhibits formation of glucose(gluconeogensis) in the liver It inhibits breakdown of lipids It stimulates protein synthesis It stimulates some cell ion transport mechanisms(e.g. Na/K-ATPase)
The Pharmacological Action of Insulin It allows the active uptake of glucose and its utilisation in muscle and fat cells. It stimulates synthesis of glycogen in the liver. It inhibits formation of glucose (gluconeogensis) in the liver. It inhibits breakdown of lipids. It stimulates protein synthesis. It stimulates some cell ion transport mechanisms (e.g. Na+ /K+ -ATPase)