UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 温馨提示 (4) (决不)will I make up one''s mind中的名词mind有单复 agree with you. 数的变化，根据one's的单复数来确定mind的单复数。 答案(I)lend(2)circumstances (3)under/in the 【学以致用 circumstances (4)Under/In no circumstances 单句语法填空 语法精析门 (1)They're both beautiful-I can't make my mind which to buy. 非限制性定语从句 (2)Always keep mind that your main 一、基本含义 task is to get this company running smoothly. (3)I made up my mind 非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、 (study)harder 解释或附加说明。主句或先行词与从句之间一般用逗号分 rather than waste precious time on those useless things. 句型转换 开，从句常常单独翻译。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词 (4)Remember that you had better arrive punctually or 有as,which,who,whom,whose等，做定语从句的主语、宾 语、表语及定语。关系副词有when,where等，做定语从句 some time earlier than the appointed time. that you had 的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省略。 better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the 二、非限制性定语从句的引导词 appointed time. 1.who:关系代词who用于指人，在从句中做主语。 答案(1)up(2)im(3)to study(4)Bear/Keep in Our guide,who was a Canadian,was an excellent cook 我们的向导，一个加拿大人，是一位优秀的厨师。 mind 2.whom:关系代词whom用于指人，在句中做动词宾 2.【教材原文】Her circumstances are beyond our 语或介词宾语，做介词宾语时，介词可位于句首。 control.(page 5) Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous 她的处境是我们无法控制的。 scientist. 考点circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件；环境：状况 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多 under//in the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此 东西。 under/in no circumstances无论如何不：决不（放在句首 3.whose:whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从 时，句子要用倒装) 句中做定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的 under/in.any.circumstances在任何情况下 事物。 语境领悟 The boy,whose father is an engineer,studies very (1)We can't take measures until we've known all the hard. 这个男孩，他的爸爸是一位工程师，学习很努力。 circumstances. 4.which:关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指 直到弄清了所有的情况，我们才能采取措施。 (2)Under/In the circumstances,we must rely on 代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词或整个主句，在从句中做主 语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ourselves 在这样的情况下，我们必须依赖自己。 (I)which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示 (3)Under/In no circumstances should you leave the 物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示 职业、品格等的名词。 house. 无论如何你都不应该离开这所房子。 These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have 温馨提示at no time,in no way,in no sense,onO not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 account,on no condition等短语均意为“决不：无论如何 (2)which指代整个主句，可译成“这一点”。 也不”，置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。 In the presence of so many people he was a little tense. 【学以致用 which was understandable. 单句语法填空 在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。 (1)Under no circumstances should you 5.when:关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中做时间 (lend)him money. 状语，指代主句中表示时间的词语。 (2)Remember that goals are flexible.They can change He will put off the picnic until October Ist,when he according to (circumstance). will be free. 完成句子 他将把郊游推迟到10月1号，那时他将有空。 (3)The result was the best that could be expected 6.where:副词where在非限制性定语从句中做地点状 (在这种情况下). 语，指代主句中表示地点的词语。 11
UNIT1 PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT makeuponesmind中的名词mind有单复 数的变化,根据ones的单复数来确定 mind的单复数。 学以致用 单句语法填空 (1)Theyrebothbeautiful—Icantmake mymindwhichtobuy. (2)Alwayskeep mindthatyourmain taskistogetthiscompanyrunningsmoothly. (3)Imadeupmymind (study)harder ratherthanwasteprecioustimeonthoseuselessthings. 句型转换 (4)Rememberthatyouhadbetterarrivepunctuallyor sometimeearlierthantheappointedtime. → thatyouhad betterarrive punctually orsometimeearlierthanthe appointedtime. 答案 (1)up (2)in (3)tostudy (4)Bear/Keepin mind 2. 【教材原文】 Hercircumstancesare beyondour control.(page5) 她的处境是我们无法控制的。 考点 circumstancen.[usuallypl.]条件;环境;状况 under/inthecircumstances在这种情况下;既然如此 under/innocircumstances无论如何不;决不(放在句首 时,句子要用倒装) under/inanycircumstances在任何情况下 语境领悟 (1)Wecanttakemeasuresuntilweveknownallthe circumstances. 直到弄清了所有的情况,我们才能采取措施。 (2)Under/Inthecircumstances,we mustrely on ourselves. 在这样的情况下,我们必须依赖自己。 (3)Under/Innocircumstancesshouldyouleavethe house. 无论如何你都不应该离开这所房子。 atnotime,innoway,innosense,onno account,onnocondition等短语均意为“决不;无论如何 也不”,置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装语序。 学以致用 单句语法填空 (1)Undernocircumstancesshouldyou (lend)him money. (2)Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.Theycanchange accordingto (circumstance). 完成句子 (3)Theresultwasthebestthatcouldbeexpected (在这种情况下). (4) (决不)willI agreewithyou. 答案 (1)lend (2)circumstances (3)under/inthe circumstances (4)Under/Innocircumstances 语法精析 非限制性定语从句 一、基本含义 非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容,或先行词的补充、 解释或附加说明。主句或先行词与从句之间一般用逗号分 开,从句常常单独翻译。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词 有as,which,who,whom,whose等,做定语从句的主语、宾 语、表语及定语。关系副词有 when,where等,做定语从句 的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省略。 二、非限制性定语从句的引导词 1.who:关系代词 who用于指人,在从句中做主语。 Ourguide,whowasaCanadian,wasanexcellentcook. 我们的向导,一个加拿大人,是一位优秀的厨师。 2.whom:关系代词 whom 用于指人,在句中做动词宾 语或介词宾语,做介词宾语时,介词可位于句首。 MrSmith,fromwhomIhavelearnedalot,isafamous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那儿学了许多 东西。 3.whose:whose是关系代词 who的所有格形式,在从 句中做定语。whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的 事物。 Theboy,whosefatherisanengineer,studiesvery hard. 这个男孩,他的爸爸是一位工程师,学习很努力。 4.which:关系代词 which在非限制性定语从句中所指 代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词或整个主句,在从句中做主 语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 (1)which指代主句中的名词,被指代的名词包括表示 物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示 职业、品格等的名词。 Theseappletrees,whichIplantedthreeyearsago,have notborneanyfruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。 (2)which指代整个主句,可译成“这一点”。 Inthepresenceofsomanypeoplehewasalittletense, whichwasunderstandable. 在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。 5.when:关系副词 when在非限制性定语从句中做时间 状语,指代主句中表示时间的词语。 HewillputoffthepicnicuntilOctober1st,whenhe willbefree. 他将把郊游推迟到10月1号,那时他将有空。 6.where:副词 where在非限制性定语从句中做地点状 语,指代主句中表示地点的词语。 11
英语 选择性必修第一册 配人教版 They went to London,where they lived for six months. 四、用非限制性定语从句的情况 他们去了伦敦，在那儿待了六个月的时间。 1.关系代词指代整个主句的内容。 7.as:as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，翻译 She said she had finished her work,which I doubted 成“正如…”，通常用于as we all know,as it is known,asis very much. known to all,as is often the case,as is reported in the 她说她已经完成了工作，我对此深感怀疑。 newspaper等句式中。 2.“名词/代词/数词十介词十关系代词”结构中。 As is known to us,Mark Twain is a great American 此结构常见的有：some(several,afew,many,most, writer. part,the largest)of which/whom等形式。有时of which/ 我们都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。 whom可以提前到名词/代词等前。 三、限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 I bought a dozen eggs,six of which(=of which six) 1.定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是做 broke when I dropped the box. 一些补充说明，不起限制作用，这种从句称为非限制性定语 我买了一打鸡蛋，其中六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔 从句。它常常用逗号与主句分开：翻译时常译成并列的 碎了。 分句。 He went with a group of people,few of whom were This note was left by John,who was here a moment correctly equipped for such a climb. ago. 他和一队人一起去了，其中没有几个人配有进行这样一 这个便条是约翰留下的，他刚才来过这儿。 次登山的适当装备。 2.非限制性定语从句在修饰人时用who(主格)，whom (宾格)，whose(所有格)，即：在定语从句中关系代词指人做 即学即练 主语时，只能用who:做宾语时，只能用whom。在修饰物时 选用正确的关系代词填空 用which而不能用that。 (1)Her house, was built a hundred years His daughter,who is in Boston now,is coming home ago,stood still in the earthquake. next week. (2)Charles Smith,. was my former teacher, 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。 retired last year. 3.引导非限制性定语从句，若关系代词所指代的先行词 (3)China has thousands of islands,the largest of 是整个主句，则关系代词用as或which。在非限制性定语从 is Taiwan. 句中，as和which都可以表示一句话、一个整体的情况。 (4)They talked about a movie,the name of (1)二者在句中的位置不同：which只放在主句后面：而 I've never forgotten. as可在主句前、中、后。 (5)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, Zhong Nanshan,as we all know,was presented the greatly upsets me. Medal of the Republic for his great contributions (6)Mike, we expected,attended the 众所周知，钟南山因其巨大的贡献被授予共和国勋章。 meeting. He is a foreigner,as I know from his accent. (7)I still remembered January 10, he came 他是外国人，我从他的口音中可以听出来。（在主句后） to see me. (2)含义上不同：as有“如同…正如…”的含义：而 (8) is known to everybody,the moon which仅仅表示“这一点”。 travels round Earth once every month. Things,as is often the case,will turn out to be contrary 答案(I)which(2)who(3)which(4)which to one's wishes. (5)which (6)as (7)when (8)As 正如经常发生的那样，结果会事与愿违。 随堂训练 一、单句语法填空 5.In our class there are 46 students,of half 1.It is the third time that she has won the race, wear glasses. has surprised us all. 答案l.which2.which3.are4,about5.whom 2.She has written two novels,both of have been 二、把下列句子改写成非限制性定语从句 made into television. 1.My father works in the post office.He likes listening to 3.There are 30 chairs in the small hall,most of which classical music. (be)new. 4.He bought the car for more than $20,000, which his father was angry. 2.About 2,000 people worked on the project.Many of them
英 语 选择性必修 第一册 配人教版 TheywenttoLondon,wheretheylivedforsixmonths. 他们去了伦敦,在那儿待了六个月的时间。 7.as:as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,翻译 成“正如……”,通常用于asweallknow,asitisknown,asis knowntoall,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthe newspaper等句式中。 Asisknowntous,MarkTwainisagreatAmerican writer. 我们都知道,马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。 三、限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 1.定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切,只是做 一些补充说明,不起限制作用,这种从句称为非限制性定语 从句。它常常用逗号与主句分开;翻译时常译成并列的 分句。 ThisnotewasleftbyJohn,whowashereamoment ago. 这个便条是约翰留下的,他刚才来过这儿。 2.非限制性定语从句在修饰人时用 who(主格),whom (宾格),whose(所有格),即:在定语从句中关系代词指人做 主语时,只能用 who;做宾语时,只能用 whom。在修饰物时 用 which而不能用that。 Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghome nextweek. 他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。 3.引导非限制性定语从句,若关系代词所指代的先行词 是整个主句,则关系代词用as或which。在非限制性定语从 句中,as和 which都可以表示一句话、一个整体的情况。 (1)二者在句中的位置不同:which只放在主句后面;而 as可在主句前、中、后。 ZhongNanshan,as weallknow,waspresentedthe MedaloftheRepublicforhisgreatcontributions. 众所周知,钟南山因其巨大的贡献被授予共和国勋章。 Heisaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent. 他是外国人,我从他的口音中可以听出来。(在主句后) (2)含义上不同:as有“如同……,正如……”的含义;而 which仅仅表示“这一点”。 Things,asisoftenthecase,willturnouttobecontrary tooneswishes. 正如经常发生的那样,结果会事与愿违。 四、用非限制性定语从句的情况 1.关系代词指代整个主句的内容。 Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubted verymuch. 她说她已经完成了工作,我对此深感怀疑。 2.“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构中。 此结构常见的有:some(several,afew,many,most, part,thelargest)ofwhich/whom 等形式。有时ofwhich/ whom可以提前到名词/代词等前。 Iboughtadozeneggs,sixofwhich(=ofwhichsix) brokewhenIdroppedthebox. 我买了一打鸡蛋,其中六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔 碎了。 Hewentwithagroupofpeople,fewofwhom were correctlyequippedforsuchaclimb. 他和一队人一起去了,其中没有几个人配有进行这样一 次登山的适当装备。 即学即练 选用正确的关系代词填空 (1)Herhouse, wasbuiltahundredyears ago,stoodstillintheearthquake. (2)CharlesSmith, wasmyformerteacher, retiredlastyear. (3)China hasthousandsofislands,thelargestof isTaiwan. (4)Theytalkedaboutamovie,thenameof Iveneverforgotten. (5)Heseemsnottohavegrasped whatI meant, greatlyupsetsme. (6)Mike, weexpected,attendedthe meeting. (7)IstillrememberedJanuary10, hecame toseeme. (8) is knownto everybody,the moon travelsroundEarthonceeverymonth. 答案 (1)which (2)who (3)which (4)which (5)which (6)as (7)when (8)As 随堂训练 一、单句语法填空 1.Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace, hassurprisedusall. 2.Shehaswrittentwonovels,bothof havebeen madeintotelevision. 3.Thereare30chairsinthesmallhall,mostofwhich (be)new. 4.Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000, whichhisfatherwasangry. 5.Inourclassthereare46students,of half wearglasses. 答案 1.which 2.which 3.are 4.about 5.whom 二、把下列句子改写成非限制性定语从句 1.Myfatherworksinthepostoffice.Helikeslisteningto classicalmusic. 2.About2,000peopleworkedontheproject.Manyofthem 12
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT were Europeans. 4.The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own,where they would be free to keep black slaves. 5.I wish to thank Professor Smith,without whose help I 3.In his office there are nine clerks.The youngest of them is would never pass the exam. Mr Wang. 三、完成句子 1.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。 This is the best novel 4.The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own.They would be free to keep black slaves there. 2.她的姐姐教我们英语，明年将出国。 Her sister, will go abroad next year 5.I wish to thank Professor Smith.Without his help I would 3.这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。 never pass the exam. The novel is very interesting, 4.史密斯先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位老朋友。 1.My father,who likes listening to classical music, Mr Smith, works in the post office. is one of my 2.About 2,000 people,many of whom were Europeans, old friends. worked on the project. 1.that I have ever read 2.who teaches us English 3.In his office there are nine clerks,the youngest of whom is 3.which makes me very happy 4.who came to see me Mr Wang. yesterday 课后·训练提升 一、单句语法填空 3.He said that he had never seen her before.It was not 1.The engineer, leg was badly hurt,was true, quickly sent to hospital. -He said that he had never seen her before, 答案whose 2.The city, is far away,is very beautiful. 答案which was not true 答案which 4.Bob's father spent four years in Egypt.He worked on the 3. is known to everybody,Taiwan is a part project. of China. →Bob's father, 答案As spent four years in Egypt. 答案who worked on the project 4.Tom has made rapid progress, makes me very happy. 5.He went to America;there he was noticed by an 答案which important film director. →He went to America, 5.We will be shown around the city museum,and some by an important film director. other places, other visitors seldom go. 答案where he was noticed 答案where 三、阅读理解 二、句型转换 "Life is about daring to carry out your ideas,"said 1.It is widely known that the moon is closer to Earth than Italian mountaineer Reinhold Messner. the sun. One of the best-known living mountaineers,now 74, ,the Messner became the first person to climb Mount Qomolangma moon is closer to Earth than the sun. alone and without the help of bottled oxygen()in 1980. 答案As is widely known He also became,in 1986,the first to reach the world's 2.The factory has over 8,000 workers and eighty percent of 14 mountain tops of over 8,000 metres,again without bottled them are women. oxygen. -The factory has over 8,000 workers, Along the way,he has practised a special style of are women. mountaineering known as alpinism,in which climbers try to 答案eighty percent of whom reach the top with as little material()and outside help 13
UNIT1 PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT wereEuropeans. 3.Inhisofficetherearenineclerks.Theyoungestofthemis MrWang. 4.Thesouthernstateswantedtosetupacountryoftheir own.Theywouldbefreetokeepblackslavesthere. 5.IwishtothankProfessorSmith.WithouthishelpIwould neverpasstheexam. 答案 1.Myfather,wholikeslisteningtoclassical music, worksinthepostoffice. 2.About2,000people,manyofwhom wereEuropeans, workedontheproject. 3.Inhisofficetherearenineclerks,theyoungestofwhomis MrWang. 4.Thesouthernstateswantedtosetupacountryoftheir own,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepblackslaves. 5.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,withoutwhosehelpI wouldneverpasstheexam. 三、完成句子 1.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。 Thisis the best novel . 2.她的姐姐教我们英语,明年将出国。 Hersister, ,willgoabroadnextyear. 3.这部小说很有意思,这让我很高兴。 Thenovelisveryinteresting, . 4.史密斯先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位老朋友。 MrSmith, ,isoneofmy oldfriends. 答案 1.thatIhaveeverread 2.whoteachesusEnglish 3.which makesmeveryhappy 4.whocametoseeme yesterday 课后·训练提升 一、单句语法填空 1.Theengineer, leg wasbadlyhurt,was quicklysenttohospital. 答案 whose 2.Thecity, isfaraway,isverybeautiful. 答案 which 3. isknowntoeverybody,Taiwanisapart ofChina. 答案 As 4.Tomhasmaderapidprogress, makesmevery happy. 答案 which 5.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity museum,andsome otherplaces, othervisitorsseldomgo. 答案 where 二、句型转换 1.ItiswidelyknownthatthemoonisclosertoEarththan thesun. → ,the moonisclosertoEarththanthesun. 答案 Asiswidelyknown 2.Thefactoryhasover8,000workersandeightypercentof themarewomen. → Thefactory hasover8,000 workers, arewomen. 答案 eightypercentofwhom 3.Hesaidthathehadneverseenher before.Itwasnot true. →Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore, . 答案 whichwasnottrue 4.BobsfatherspentfouryearsinEgypt.Heworkedonthe project. → Bobs father, ,spentfouryearsinEgypt. 答案 whoworkedontheproject 5.He wentto America;there he was noticed by an importantfilmdirector. → He wentto America, byanimportantfilmdirector. 答案 wherehewasnoticed 三、阅读理解 “Lifeisaboutdaringtocarryoutyourideas,”said ItalianmountaineerReinholdMessner. Oneofthebest-knownliving mountaineers,now74, MessnerbecamethefirstpersontoclimbMountQomolangma aloneandwithoutthehelpofbottledoxygen(氧气)in1980. Healsobecame,in1986,thefirsttoreachtheworlds 14mountaintopsofover8,000metres,againwithoutbottled oxygen. Alongthe way,hehaspractisedaspecialstyleof mountaineeringknownasalpinism,inwhichclimberstryto reachthetopwithaslittlematerial(材料)andoutsidehelp 13
英语 选择性必修 第一册 配人教版 as possible. D.It records his true experiences. But it is an art that is increasingly getting lost-today's 答案B climbers depend on Sherpas(local guides for climbers in the 解析细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Toay, Himalayas)and ready-made routes to reach the top, Messner spends his time making films and talks excitedly Messner said. about his present one,which is set in Kenya,Africa..." "The true alpinist doesn't want such help.He wants to 知，梅斯纳尔的电影讲述发生在非洲肯尼亚的故事。故选 go into the wild,"he said. B项。 His achievements have made him a great hero,but 4.What is the text mainly about? Messner says he has gotten into plenty of dangerous situations A.A new film. B.A new book. along the way too. C.A great alpinist. D.A great expedition "Around half of the top alpinists have died climbing," 答案C he said. 解析主旨大意题。本文的每一段几乎都提到了莱因霍 "Of course,if I turn back more often than the others,I can increase my chances of survival,"he added."But if I 尔德·梅斯纳尔，而他是一个伟大的登高山者，故本文主 hadn't been lucky a few times,I wouldn't be here." 要讲述了一个伟大登高山者的故事。故选C项。 四、七选五阅读理解 Messner later moved on to different challenges(挑战)， How to Turn Your Goals into Habits crossing the Gobi Desert and Antarctica. First we make our habits,then our habits make us.It's He is also a writer and was in Frankfurt to present his latest book,"Wild",telling the true story of a 1916 Antarctic such a simple concept,yet it's something we don't always expedition(探脸). do. Today,Messner spends his time making films and talks I believe that having one goal to focus on is much more excitedly about his present one,which is set in Kenya, powerful than having many goals.By putting the belief into practice,I have achieved a lot of personal goals over time. Africa,and tells the story of two climbers who run into trouble and are faced with life-changing situations 1 My answer takes a little explaining.I try to turn my After a lifetime of following his next dream,he believes goals into habits,and in doing so!I put my goals on film-making will be his final project. autopilot(自动化).Turning a goal into a habit means really "I was always at my best when I was learning,when I focusing on it for at least a month.The more you can focus, was curious(求知欲强的)，”he said. the more it'll be on autopilot.2.You'll still do it,but 1.What is special about true alpinists? you only have to use minimal force to maintain it,and you A.They can reach the top quickly. can focus on your next goal or habit. B.They try to depend on themselves. Take my marathon goal as an example.I was just starting running and had the brilliant idea to run a marathon C.They follow ready-made routes. D.They often work with local guides. within a year.So that was my goal.3.First,I had to make running a daily habit.Second,I had to report to people 答案B in order to have accountability (so that I could not 解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“，.alpinism,in quit easily.I focused on the daily running habit for about a which climbers try to reach the top with as little material month,and didn't have any other goals or habits.When the and outside help as possible."和第六段中的“The true running habit stuck.I started reporting to people I knew and alpinist doesn't want such help.He wants to go into the blogging about my running every day. wild.”可知，真正的登高山者尽量凭借自己的力量登上 4.I could focus on new goals without having to 顶峰。故选B项。 worry about the marathon.I still had to do the running,of 2.What helped Messner survive dangerous situations? course,but it didn't require constant focus.And eventually,I A.Good luck. B.Belief. ran the first marathon in my life.I was able to achieve this C.Good skills D.Courage. because,all year long,I had daily running and accountability 答案A habits.5,so instead of struggling with it daily for an 解析细节理解题。根据第九段中的“But if I hadn't been entire year,I focused on it for one month and was able to lucky a few times,.I wouldn't be here.”可知，梅斯纳尔认 accomplish it while focusing on new habits and goals. 为自己可以幸存是因为他很幸运。故选A项。 A.I put my marathon goal on autopilot 3.What does Messner tell us about the story of his new film? B.At the beginning,it was very difficult for me to achieve A.It is very interesting. this goal B.It happens in Africa. C.But in order to achieve it,I broke it down into two habits C.It is based on his latest book. D.With this accountability,there's no way I could stop 14
英 语 选择性必修 第一册 配人教版 aspossible. Butitisanartthatisincreasinglygettinglost—todays climbersdependonSherpas(localguidesforclimbersinthe Himalayas)and ready-made routesto reach thetop, Messnersaid. “Thetruealpinistdoesntwantsuchhelp.Hewantsto gointothewild,”hesaid. Hisachievementshave madehim agreathero,but Messnersayshehasgottenintoplentyofdangeroussituations alongthewaytoo. “Aroundhalfofthetopalpinistshavediedclimbing,” hesaid. “Ofcourse,ifIturnbackmoreoftenthantheothers,I canincreasemychancesofsurvival,”headded.“ButifI hadntbeenluckyafewtimes,Iwouldntbehere.” Messnerlatermovedontodifferentchallenges(挑战), crossingtheGobiDesertandAntarctica. HeisalsoawriterandwasinFrankfurttopresenthis latestbook,“Wild”,tellingthetruestoryofa1916Antarctic expedition(探险). Today,Messnerspendshistimemakingfilmsandtalks excitedlyabouthispresentone,whichissetin Kenya, Africa,andtellsthestoryoftwoclimberswhoruninto troubleandarefacedwithlife-changingsituations. Afteralifetimeoffollowinghisnextdream,hebelieves film-makingwillbehisfinalproject. “IwasalwaysatmybestwhenIwaslearning,whenI wascurious(求知欲强的),”hesaid. 1.Whatisspecialabouttruealpinists? A.Theycanreachthetopquickly. B.Theytrytodependonthemselves. C.Theyfollowready-maderoutes. D.Theyoftenworkwithlocalguides. 答案 B 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “...alpinism,in whichclimberstrytoreachthetopwithaslittle material andoutsidehelpaspossible.”和第六段中的“Thetrue alpinistdoesntwantsuchhelp.Hewantstogointothe wild...”可知,真正的登高山者尽量凭借自己的力量登上 顶峰。故选B项。 2.WhathelpedMessnersurvivedangeroussituations? A.Goodluck. B.Belief. C.Goodskills. D.Courage. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第九段中的“ButifIhadntbeen luckyafewtimes,Iwouldntbehere.”可知,梅斯纳尔认 为自己可以幸存是因为他很幸运。故选 A项。 3.WhatdoesMessnertellusaboutthestoryofhisnewfilm? A.Itisveryinteresting. B.IthappensinAfrica. C.Itisbasedonhislatestbook. D.Itrecordshistrueexperiences. 答案 B 解析 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 倒 数 第 三 段 中 的 “Today, Messnerspendshistimemakingfilmsandtalksexcitedly abouthispresentone,whichissetinKenya,Africa...”可 知,梅斯纳尔的电影讲述发生在非洲肯尼亚的故事。故选 B项。 4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout? A.Anewfilm. B.Anewbook. C.Agreatalpinist. D.Agreatexpedition. 答案 C 解析 主旨大意题。本文的每一段几乎都提到了莱因霍 尔德·梅斯纳尔,而他是一个伟大的登高山者,故本文主 要讲述了一个伟大登高山者的故事。故选C项。 四、七选五阅读理解 HowtoTurnYourGoalsintoHabits Firstwemakeourhabits,thenourhabitsmakeus.Its suchasimpleconcept,yetitssomethingwedontalways do. Ibelievethathavingonegoaltofocusonismuchmore powerfulthanhavingmanygoals.Byputtingthebeliefinto practice,Ihaveachievedalotofpersonalgoalsovertime. 1 .Myanswertakesalittleexplaining.Itrytoturnmy goalsinto habits,andin doingso! Iput my goalson autopilot(自动化).Turningagoalintoahabitmeansreally focusingonitforatleastamonth.Themoreyoucanfocus, themoreitllbeonautopilot. 2 .Youllstilldoit,but youonlyhavetouseminimalforcetomaintainit,andyou canfocusonyournextgoalorhabit. Takemy marathongoalasanexample.I wasjust startingrunningandhadthebrilliantideatorunamarathon withinayear.Sothatwasmygoal. 3 .First,Ihadto makerunningadailyhabit.Second,Ihadtoreporttopeople inordertohaveaccountability(责任)sothatIcouldnot quiteasily.Ifocusedonthedailyrunninghabitforabouta month,anddidnthaveanyothergoalsorhabits.Whenthe runninghabitstuck,IstartedreportingtopeopleIknewand bloggingaboutmyrunningeveryday. 4 .Icouldfocusonnewgoalswithouthavingto worryaboutthemarathon.Istillhadtodotherunning,of course,butitdidntrequireconstantfocus.Andeventually,I ranthefirstmarathoninmylife.Iwasabletoachievethis because,allyearlong,Ihaddailyrunningandaccountability habits. 5 ,soinsteadofstrugglingwithitdailyforan entireyear,Ifocusedonitforonemonthandwasableto accomplishitwhilefocusingonnewhabitsandgoals. A.Iputmymarathongoalonautopilot B.Atthebeginning,itwasverydifficultformetoachieve thisgoal C.Butinordertoachieveit,Ibrokeitdownintotwohabits D.Withthisaccountability,theresno wayIcouldstop 14
UNIT I PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT running while working on different projects E.Once you put it on autopilot,you don't have to focus on it G.Once those two habits were established,my marathon much goal was pretty much on autopilot F.My readers asked me how I was able to achieve them 答案1~5 FECGA SectionⅢ Using Language, Assessing Your Progress Video Time 课前·基础认知 词汇认知 重点短语 1.come power(开始)掌权：上台 重点单词 2.take a position担任；任职 1. t.推断：推定 3.sum 总结：概括 2.numerous adj. 4. a consequence因此；结果 3. n.理论；学说 5.pass 去世 n.天才；天资：天赋 答案1.to2.up3.up4.as5.away 5 n.专利：专利证书；获得专利ad.有 专利的：受专利保护的 阅读自测 6.passion n Step 1 Fast Reading adj.不一般的：非凡的：意想不到的 一、快速浏览课文，将段落与其主旨大意相匹配 8.institution n. Para.1: A.Einstein's death was a loss to the 9.institute n. world. 10. t.偶然碰到；遇到n.邂逅；遭遇 Para.2: B.Einstein's working experiences after 11. n.教授 graduation. 12. ad山j.非凡的：显著的 Para.3: C.Einstein fled Germany and worked in 13. n.方法；技巧：装置；仪器 the USA. 14. i.总结：概括n.金额：款项；总数：总和 Para.4: D.Albert Einstein was loved by many 15. n.草稿；草案t.起草；草拟 people. 答案l.infer2.众多的：许多的3.theory4.genius Para.5: E.How Einstein entered university. 5.patent6.酷爱；激情7.extraordinary8.社会公共机 Para.6: F.Einstein was a kind and funny man. 构：制度：习俗9.（教育、专业等）机构：机构建筑 Para.1:D Para.2:E Para.3:B Para.4:C Para.5:F 10.encounter 11.professor 12.remarkable 13.device Para.6:A 14.sum 15.draft 词汇拓展 Step 2 Detailed Reading L.found ut.创建；建立：把…建立在→ n. 二、仔细阅读课文，选择最佳答案 创立者；缔造者→ n.建立：创办 1.Why did Einstein fail in entering university in Switzerland 2.politician n.从政者：政治家；政客→ n.政 im18957 治：政治事务（或活动）→ adj,政治的： A.Because his maths and physics couldn't meet the standard. 政党的 B.Because he didn't do well in the general part of the 3.gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→ ado.温柔地： entrance exam. 温和地 C.Because he wanted to apply for the Institute for Advanced 4.gradually adv..逐渐地；逐步地→ ad.逐渐 Study in Princeton. 的；逐步的 D.Because he needed to obtain exceptional scores in 5.consequence n.结果：后果→ adi.随之发 maths and physics. 生的：作为结果的→ ado.因此；所以 2.When did Einstein publish four extraordinary physics 1.founder;foundation 2.politics:political 3.gently papers? A.In1905. B.In1921 4.gradual 5.consequent;consequently C.In1922 D.1n1900. 3.When did Einstein win the Nobel Prize for Physics? 15
UNIT1 PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT running E.Onceyouputitonautopilot,youdonthavetofocusonit much F.MyreadersaskedmehowIwasabletoachievethem whileworkingondifferentprojects G.Oncethosetwohabitswereestablished,my marathon goalwasprettymuchonautopilot 答案 1~5FECGA SectionⅢ UsingLanguage, AssessingYourProgress& VideoTime 课前·基础认知 词汇认知 重点单词 1. vt.推断;推定 2.numerousadj. 3. n.理论;学说 4. n.天才;天资;天赋 5. n.专利;专利证书;获得专利 adj.有 专利的;受专利保护的 6.passionn. 7. adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的 8.institutionn. 9.instituten. 10. vt.偶然碰到;遇到 n.邂逅;遭遇 11. n.教授 12. adj.非凡的;显著的 13. n.方法;技巧;装置;仪器 14. vi.总结;概括 n.金额;款项;总数;总和 15. n.草稿;草案 vt.起草;草拟 答案 1.infer 2.众多的;许多的 3.theory 4.genius 5.patent 6.酷爱;激情 7.extraordinary 8.社会公共机 构;制 度;习 俗 9.(教 育、专 业 等)机 构;机 构 建 筑 10.encounter 11.professor 12.remarkable 13.device 14.sum 15.draft 词汇拓展 1.foundvt.创建;建立;把……建立在→ n. 创立者;缔造者→ n.建立;创办 2.politiciann.从政者;政治家;政客→ n.政 治;政治事务(或活动)→ adj.政治的; 政党的 3.gentleadj.温柔的;文静的→ adv.温柔地; 温和地 4.graduallyadv.逐渐地;逐步地→ adj.逐渐 的;逐步的 5.consequencen.结果;后果→ adj.随之发 生的;作为结果的→ adv.因此;所以 答案 1.founder;foundation 2.politics;political 3.gently 4.gradual 5.consequent;consequently 重点短语 1.come power(开始)掌权;上台 2.take aposition担任;任职 3.sum 总结;概括 4. aconsequence因此;结果 5.pass 去世 答案 1.to 2.up 3.up 4.as 5.away 阅读自测 Step1 FastReading 一、快速浏览课文,将段落与其主旨大意相匹配 Para.1: A.Einsteinsdeath wasalosstothe world. Para.2: B.Einsteinsworkingexperiencesafter graduation. Para.3: C.EinsteinfledGermanyandworkedin theUSA. Para.4: D.AlbertEinsteinwaslovedbymany people. Para.5: E.HowEinsteinentereduniversity. Para.6: F.Einsteinwasakindandfunnyman. 答案 Para.1:D Para.2:E Para.3:B Para.4:C Para.5:F Para.6:A Step2 DetailedReading 二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案 1.WhydidEinsteinfailinenteringuniversityinSwitzerland in1895? A.Becausehismathsandphysicscouldntmeetthestandard. B.Becausehedidntdowellinthegeneralpartofthe entranceexam. C.BecausehewantedtoapplyfortheInstituteforAdvanced StudyinPrinceton. D.Becauseheneededtoobtainexceptionalscoresin mathsandphysics. 2.Whendid Einsteinpublishfourextraordinaryphysics papers? A.In1905. B.In1921. C.In1922. D.In1900. 3.WhendidEinsteinwintheNobelPrizeforPhysics? 15