Obstructive Sleep ApnoeaSyndrome
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome
What is Sleep Apnoea9Apnoea :a period of no airflow at the nose ormouthforatleast10s.Apnoea index(Al):thenumberofperiods ofapnoea per hourHypopnea:50%orgreaterreduction innormaltidal volumeSleep apnoea syndrome :≥30 apnoeicepisodes in 7 h of sleep or if the Al > 5.MildSAS-AI5-20Modeate - Al20-40Severe - Al > 40
What is Sleep Apnoea ? • Apnoea : a period of no airflow at the nose or mouth for atleast 10 s. • Apnoea index (AI) : the number of periods of apnoea per hour • Hypopnea : 50% or greater reduction in normal tidal volume • Sleep apnoea syndrome : > 30 apnoeic episodes in 7 h of sleep or if the AI > 5. Mild SAS – AI 5 – 20 Modeate - AI 20-40 Severe - AI > 40
TypesofSleepApnoea3 types :1.Obstructive-completeairwayobstructionbut patientmakesefforttoovercomethis,peripheralcauses2. Central - respiratory effort and airflowceases for a time being, CNS causes3.Mixed
Types of Sleep Apnoea 3 types : 1. Obstructive – complete airway obstruction but patient makes effort to overcome this, peripheral causes 2. Central - respiratory effort and airflow ceases for a time being, CNS causes 3. Mixed
ConsequencesofSleepApnoea·Hypoxia -cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary&systemichypertension,corpulmonaleIncreasednegativeintrathoracicpressureIncreasedcardiovascularstrainPoorsleepqualityIncreasedriskofmortalityduetocardiovasculardisease
Consequences of Sleep Apnoea • Hypoxia – cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary & systemic hypertension, cor pulmonale • Increased negative intra thoracic pressure Increased cardiovascular strain • Poor sleep quality • Increased risk of mortality due to cardiovascular disease
ClinicalfeaturesofOSAS.In adults OSA more common in increasing ageobese,alcoholIn children -most common around 5Excessive day time somnolence,morningheadaches,personality change, intellectualdeterioration, impotence, increased risk of RTA.Find out any excerbating factors (drugsendocrine disorders,anatomical).ldentify the site andlevel of obstruction
Clinical features of OSAS • In adults OSA more common in increasing age, obese, alcohol • In children – most common around 5 • Excessive day time somnolence, morning headaches, personality change, intellectual deterioration, impotence, increased risk of RTA • Find out any excerbating factors (drugs, endocrine disorders, anatomical) • Identify the site and level of obstruction