Thermodynamic systems in engineering: a gas, such as air, a vapor, such as steam; a liquid, such as freon(氟利昂,一种致冷剂); a solid, such as semiconductor(半导体);…… They are alse0 called as working substance(工作物质) working substance Thermodynamic system A system of gas will be studied in this chapter
Thermodynamic systems in engineering: a gas, such as air， a vapor, such as steam; a liquid, such as freon(氟利昂，一种致冷剂）; a solid, such as semiconductor(半导体）; …….. They are also called as working substance（工作物质）. Thermodynamic system working substance A system of gas will be studied in this chapter
Man is the most complicated system which needs to eat, sleep, work, do many and many things ●。●●。●0●●●●●●●。。● 州A啊AR
Man is the most complicated system which needs to eat, sleep,work, do many and many things………………
2. Internal energy of a systen(系统的内能) The concept of internal energy of a system have been introduced in the last chapter E(T)Mi 理想气体 内能 2 RT(6-18) It means that internal energy is a single value function of the gas.对于理想气体,由于分子间无相互 作用力,所以,理想气体的内能等于所有气体分子的动 能之和,系统的内能取决于系统的状态,是温度的单值函 数
The concept of internal energy of a system have been introduced in the last chapter. RT i E T 2 M ( ) = (6-18) It means that internal energy is a single value function of the gas. 对于理想气体，由于分子间无相互 作用力，所以，理想气体的内能等于所有气体分子的动 能之和,系统的内能取决于系统的状态，是温度的单值函 数 2. Internal energy of a system(系统的内能） 内能 理想气体
In general, the internal energy of thermodynamic system which concludes(包括) the kinetic energy and potential energy of all the molecules depends on not only the temperature but also the volume of the system. That is 系统 E=E(T,V) E has a definite value, decided only by the state of system
In general, the internal energy of thermodynamic system which concludes（包括） the kinetic energy and potential energy of all the molecules depends on not only the temperature but also the volume of the system. That is E = E(T ,V ) E has a definite value, decided only by the state of system. 系统
3. Heat and Work热与功的等效性 a thermod ynamic system can interact with its surroundings in at least two ways: ()transfer of heat (2) Doing the mechanical work on the system by its surroundings or on its surroundings by the system 交换热量 Thermodyna mic system 物质 its surroundings 做功
its surroundings 3. Heat and Work 热与功的等效性 A thermodynamic system can interact with its surroundings in at least two ways: (1) transfer of heat; (2) Doing the mechanical work on the system by its surroundings or on its surroundings by the system. Thermodynamic system 交换热量 物质 做功