Physical Chemistry (A)Syllabus of Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyPhysical Chemistry (A)S/N:10421100-10421110Classification: Specialized basic courseApplicable to: Chemical Engineering and TechnicsMaterials Science and EngineeringPharmaceutical EngineeringTotal Hours:102Credit Points: 6Requirements on foundation courses: Advanced MathematicsGeneralPhysicsInorganicandAnalyticalChemistryOrganic ChemistryWritten by: Zhang LiqingA. Characteristics and StatusPhysical chemistry is engaged in the research of basic principles of chemical changes,phase changes and physical changes concerned, mainly including the rules ofequilibrium and change speed. As a specialized basic course for chemical engineeringand technics, materials science and engineering, pharmaceutical engineering majors,etc, physical chemistry is not only an important part for cultivating integralknowledge structure and capability structure of engineering and technical talents ofthe said majors, but also a foundation for the subsequent specialized courses.B. Teaching Targets1. After studying this course, students shall master basic theoretical knowledgewell, understand important concepts and basic principles, and master basiccomputational technique of physical chemistry.2. After studying this course, students shall master theoretical researchapproaches of physical chemistry, especially the thermodynamics approaches, andunderstand methods of statistical thermodynamics basically.3. After studying this course, students shall receive the training of generalscientific approaches further and improve the ability of analyzing and resolvingproblems of physical chemistry. Training of scientific approaches shall be carried outthrough thecourseof teaching,therefore,particularlythroughlearningofthermodynamics and dynamics, students will master general methods of inducing anddeducing from experimental results, be familiar with methods of concluding theoriesfrom hypothesis and master general scientific approaches of resolving practicalproblems through theories and according to real conditions.C.Teaching Contents, Basic Requirements and Time Allocation
Syllabus of Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Physical Chemistry (A) Physical Chemistry (A) S/N: 10421100-10421110 Classification: Specialized basic course Applicable to: Chemical Engineering and Technics Materials Science and Engineering Pharmaceutical Engineering Total Hours: 102 Credit Points: 6 Requirements on foundation courses: Advanced Mathematics General Physics Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Organic Chemistry Written by: Zhang Liqing A. Characteristics and Status Physical chemistry is engaged in the research of basic principles of chemical changes, phase changes and physical changes concerned, mainly including the rules of equilibrium and change speed. As a specialized basic course for chemical engineering and technics, materials science and engineering, pharmaceutical engineering majors, etc, physical chemistry is not only an important part for cultivating integral knowledge structure and capability structure of engineering and technical talents of the said majors, but also a foundation for the subsequent specialized courses. B. Teaching Targets 1. After studying this course, students shall master basic theoretical knowledge well, understand important concepts and basic principles, and master basic computational technique of physical chemistry. 2. After studying this course, students shall master theoretical research approaches of physical chemistry, especially the thermodynamics approaches, and understand methods of statistical thermodynamics basically. 3. After studying this course, students shall receive the training of general scientific approaches further and improve the ability of analyzing and resolving problems of physical chemistry. Training of scientific approaches shall be carried out through the course of teaching; therefore, particularly through learning of thermodynamics and dynamics, students will master general methods of inducing and deducing from experimental results, be familiar with methods of concluding theories from hypothesis and master general scientific approaches of resolving practical problems through theories and according to real conditions. C. Teaching Contents, Basic Requirements and Time Allocation
Physical Chemistry (A)Syllabus of Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyIntroductionTo find out research contents of physical chemistry, understand researchapproaches and the development trend and characteristics of modern physicalchemistry,and master the learning approaches for the course of physical chemistry.Major Contents:0.1 Research contents of physical chemistry0.2Researchapproachesofphysicalchemistry0.3 Establishment and development of physical chemistry0.4 Development trend and characteristics of modern physical chemistry0.5 Learning approaches for the course of physical chemistryKey Points:1. Intentions and contents of physical chemistry2. Research approaches of physical chemistry3. Learning approaches for the course of physical chemistryNodus:1.Researchapproachesof physical chemistry2. Learning approaches for the course of physical chemistryChapter 1 PVT property of gasTo master the perfect gas equation and mode, Dalton law and Amagat law,comprehend the liquefaction and critical properties ofreal gas,master perfect gasmode and its theoretical explanation, comprehend the principle of correspondingstatediagram ofcompressibilityfactor and related calculations.MajorContents:1.1 Perfect gas equation and mode1.2 Dalton law and Amagat law1.3PVTpropertyof real gas1.4 Van der Waals equation1.5 Liquefaction and critical properties of real gas1.6Principleof corresponding state and diagram of compressibility factorKey Points:1. Perfect gas equation and mode2.DaltonlawandAmagatlaw3. Liquefaction and critical properties of real gas4.Principle of corresponding state and diagram of compressibilityfactorNodus:1. Perfect gas mode and its theoretical explanations2. Liquefaction and critical properties of real gas3.Principle of corresponding statediagram of compressibility factor and relatedcalculationsChapter2TheFirst Lawof Thermodynamics and itsapplications
Syllabus of Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Physical Chemistry (A) Introduction To find out research contents of physical chemistry, understand research approaches and the development trend and characteristics of modern physical chemistry, and master the learning approaches for the course of physical chemistry. Major Contents: 0.1 Research contents of physical chemistry 0.2 Research approaches of physical chemistry 0.3 Establishment and development of physical chemistry 0.4 Development trend and characteristics of modern physical chemistry 0.5 Learning approaches for the course of physical chemistry Key Points: 1. Intentions and contents of physical chemistry 2. Research approaches of physical chemistry 3. Learning approaches for the course of physical chemistry Nodus: 1. Research approaches of physical chemistry 2. Learning approaches for the course of physical chemistry Chapter 1 PVT property of gas To master the perfect gas equation and mode, Dalton law and Amagat law, comprehend the liquefaction and critical properties of real gas, master perfect gas mode and its theoretical explanation, comprehend the principle of corresponding state diagram of compressibility factor and related calculations. Major Contents: 1.1 Perfect gas equation and mode 1.2 Dalton law and Amagat law 1.3 PVT property of real gas 1.4 Van der Waals equation 1.5 Liquefaction and critical properties of real gas 1.6 Principle of corresponding state and diagram of compressibility factor Key Points: 1. Perfect gas equation and mode 2. Dalton law and Amagat law 3. Liquefaction and critical properties of real gas 4. Principle of corresponding state and diagram of compressibility factor Nodus: 1. Perfect gas mode and its theoretical explanations 2. Liquefaction and critical properties of real gas 3. Principle of corresponding state diagram of compressibility factor and related calculations Chapter 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and its applications
Physical Chemistry (A)Svllabusof ZhejiangUniversityof ScienceandTechnologyTo comprehend the basic conceptions of thermodynamics below:equilibrium state,statefunction,reversibleprocess,etc.,comprehend the description andmathematicalrepresentation of the first law of thermodynamics, master the definitions ofthermodynamic energyenthalpystandard enthalpy of foundation and theirapplications, to master the calculation principlesand methods ofheatwork andvariation of functions in all states when P V T changes,phase changes or during thechemical change process. When applying the general relation of thermodynamics inspecific system, learn to use the state equations (mainly refers toperfect gas equation)and thermodynamic data (heat capacityheat of phase change saturated vaporpressure, etc.).MajorContents:2.1 Thermodynamic conspectus2.2The first law of thermodynamics2.3Quasistatic process and reversibleprocess2.4 Enthalpy2.5Heat capacity2.6 Application of the first law of thermodynamics for perfect gas2.7 Real gas2.8 Thermochemistry2.9 Hesss law2.10 Kirchhoff's law2.11Adiabatic reactionKey Points:1. Basic conceptions of thermodynamics below: equilibrium state, state function,reversible process2. Description and mathematical representation of the first law ofthermodynamics3. Definitions of thermodynamic energy enthalpy standard enthalpy offoundation and their applications4.Master the calculation methods of heatwork and variation of thermodynamicenergy and enthalpy when P V T changes, phase changes or during thechemical changeprocess.Nodus:1.Definitions of thermodynamic energyenthalpystandard enthalpy offoundationandtheirapplications2. Calculation methods of heat work and variation of thermodynamic energy andenthalpy when PVT changes, phase changes or during the chemical changeprocess.Chapter 3The Second Law of ThermodynamicsComprehend the descriptions and mathematical representations of the second and thethird law of thermodynamics. Master the definitions of entropy, Gibbs function,Helmholz function, standard entropy and standard Gibbs function of formation and
Syllabus of Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Physical Chemistry (A) To comprehend the basic conceptions of thermodynamics below: equilibrium state, state function, reversible process, etc., comprehend the description and mathematical representation of the first law of thermodynamics, master the definitions of thermodynamic energy enthalpy standard enthalpy of foundation and their applications, to master the calculation principles and methods of heat work and variation of functions in all states when P V T changes, phase changes or during the chemical change process. When applying the general relation of thermodynamics in specific system, learn to use the state equations (mainly refers to perfect gas equation) and thermodynamic data (heat capacity heat of phase change saturated vapor pressure, etc .). Major Contents: 2.1 Thermodynamic conspectus 2.2 The first law of thermodynamics 2.3 Quasistatic process and reversible process 2.4 Enthalpy 2.5 Heat capacity 2.6 Application of the first law of thermodynamics for perfect gas 2.7 Real gas 2.8 Thermochemistry 2.9 Hess’s law 2.10 Kirchhoff’s law 2.11 Adiabatic reaction Key Points: 1. Basic conceptions of thermodynamics below: equilibrium state, state function, reversible process 2. Description and mathematical representation of the first law of thermodynamics 3. Definitions of thermodynamic energy enthalpy standard enthalpy of foundation and their applications. 4. Master the calculation methods of heat work and variation of thermodynamic energy and enthalpy when P V T changes, phase changes or during the chemical change process. Nodus: 1. Definitions of thermodynamic energy enthalpy standard enthalpy of foundation and their applications. 2. Calculation methods of heat work and variation of thermodynamic energy and enthalpy when P V T changes, phase changes or during the chemical change process. Chapter 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics Comprehend the descriptions and mathematical representations of the second and the third law of thermodynamics. Master the definitions of entropy, Gibbs function, Helmholz function, standard entropy and standard Gibbs function of formation and
Physical Chemistry (A)Syllabus of Zhejiang University of Science and Technologytheir applications. Master the calculation principles and methods of variation ofentropy, Gibbs function, Helmholz function when P V T changes, phase changes orduring the chemical change process. Comprehend the fundamental equation ofthermodynamics and the derivation of Maxwell relationmastertheapplicabilityofthermodynamic formula and general criterion of the principle of entropy increase andequilibriumMayor Contents:3.1Commonfeaturesofspontaneousvariation3.2Thesecondlawofthermodynamics3.3 Carnot cycle and Carnot theorem3.4 Conception of entropy3.5 Clausius inequality and principle of entropy increase3.6Calculation of entropychange3.7Essence of the second law of thermodynamics and statistic significance ofentropy3.8 Helmholz free energy and Gibbs free energy3.9 Variation direction and equilibrium condition3.10Calculatingdemonstrationof△G3.11 Relation of thermodynamic functions3.12Clapeyron equation3.13 The third law of thermodynamics and conventional entropyKeyPoints1.Description and mathematical representation of the second law ofthermodynamics2. Definitions of entropy, Gibbs function, Helmholz function, standard entropyandstandardGibbsfunctionofformationandtheirapplications3. Calculation principles and methods of variation of entropy, Gibbs function,Helmholz function when P V T changes, phase changes or during the chemicalchangeprocess4. Master the applicability of thermodynamic formula and general criterion of theprinciple of entropy increase and equilibrium.5. Clapeyron equation and Clapeyron-Clausius equation and related calculationsNodus:1. Definitions of entropy, Gibbs function, Helmholz function, standard entropyand standard Gibbs functionofformation and theirapplications.2. Calculation principles and methods of functions in all states when P V Tchanges, phase changes or during the chemical change process3.General criterion of the principle of entropy increase and equilibrium.4.Clapeyron equation and Clapeyron-Clausius equationChapter4Thermodynamicsformulti-componentsystemComprehend the conceptions of partial molar quantity and chemical potential,comprehend Raoult's law and Henry's law and related calculations. Comprehend the
Syllabus of Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Physical Chemistry (A) their applications. Master the calculation principles and methods of variation of entropy, Gibbs function, Helmholz function when P V T changes, phase changes or during the chemical change process. Comprehend the fundamental equation of thermodynamics and the derivation of Maxwell relation master the applicability of thermodynamic formula and general criterion of the principle of entropy increase and equilibrium. Mayor Contents: 3.1 Common features of spontaneous variation 3.2 The second law of thermodynamics 3.3 Carnot cycle and Carnot theorem 3.4 Conception of entropy 3.5 Clausius inequality and principle of entropy increase 3.6 Calculation of entropy change 3.7 Essence of the second law of thermodynamics and statistic significance of entropy 3.8 Helmholz free energy and Gibbs free energy 3.9 Variation direction and equilibrium condition 3.10 Calculating demonstration of ǻG 3.11 Relation of thermodynamic functions 3.12 Clapeyron equation 3.13 The third law of thermodynamics and conventional entropy Key Points: 1. Description and mathematical representation of the second law of thermodynamics 2. Definitions of entropy, Gibbs function, Helmholz function, standard entropy and standard Gibbs function of formation and their applications. 3. Calculation principles and methods of variation of entropy, Gibbs function, Helmholz function when P V T changes, phase changes or during the chemical change process. 4. Master the applicability of thermodynamic formula and general criterion of the principle of entropy increase and equilibrium. 5. Clapeyron equation and Clapeyron-Clausius equation and related calculations Nodus: 1. Definitions of entropy, Gibbs function, Helmholz function, standard entropy and standard Gibbs function of formation and their applications. 2. Calculation principles and methods of functions in all states when P V T changes, phase changes or during the chemical change process. 3. General criterion of the principle of entropy increase and equilibrium. 4. Clapeyron equation and Clapeyron-Clausius equation Chapter 4 Thermodynamics for multi-component system Comprehend the conceptions of partial molar quantity and chemical potential, comprehend Raoult’s law and Henry’s law and related calculations. Comprehend the
Physical Chemistry (A)Syllabus of Zhejiang University of Science and Technologyexpressions of componental chemical potential in ideal system (ideal solution andideal dilute solution). Master the colligative property of dilute solution, comprehendthe conceptions of activity and activity coefficient and simple calculations of activity(fugacity).MayorContents:4.1 Introduction4.2Expression of solution composition4.3 Partial molar quantity and chemical potential4.4Two empirical laws of dilute solution4.5Chemical potential of components in gas mixture4.6 Chemical potential of components in dilute solution4.7Colligative coefficient of dilute solutionKey Points:1. Conceptions of partial molar quantity and chemical potential2. Raoult's law and Henry's law and related calculations3.Expressions of componental chemical potential in ideal system (ideal solutionand ideal dilute solution)4. Colligative coefficient of dilute solutionNodus:1.Conceptions of partial molar quantity and chemical potential2. Raoult's law and Henry's law3. Conceptions of activity and activity coefficient and simple calculations ofactivity (fugacity)4.Expressions of chemical potential of componentsChapter5ChemicalequilibriumMaster the definition of standard constant.Comprehend the derivations of isothermaland isobaric equations in chemical reaction and their applications. Learn to calculateequilibrium constant and equilibrium composition by thermodynamic data. Learn toidentify the possible reaction direction in certain conditions. Learn to analyze theeffects of temperature, pressure, composition, etc. on equilibrium.Mayor Contents:5.1Chemical equilibrium condition and compatible potential5.2 Equilibrium constant and isothermal function of chemical reaction5.3 Relation of equilibrium constant and chemical equation5.4 Heterogeneous chemical equilibrium5.5 Determination of equilibrium constant and calculation of equilibrium rate ofconversion5.6 Standard Gibbs free energy of formation5.7Calculationofequilibriumconstantbypartitionfunction5.8 Effects of temperature, pressure and inert gas on chemical equilibrium5.9 Synchronous equilibriumKey Points:1. Definition of standard constant
Syllabus of Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Physical Chemistry (A) expressions of componental chemical potential in ideal system (ideal solution and ideal dilute solution). Master the colligative property of dilute solution, comprehend the conceptions of activity and activity coefficient and simple calculations of activity (fugacity). Mayor Contents: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Expression of solution composition 4.3 Partial molar quantity and chemical potential 4.4 Two empirical laws of dilute solution 4.5 Chemical potential of components in gas mixture 4.6 Chemical potential of components in dilute solution 4.7 Colligative coefficient of dilute solution Key Points: 1. Conceptions of partial molar quantity and chemical potential 2. Raoult’s law and Henry’s law and related calculations 3. Expressions of componental chemical potential in ideal system (ideal solution and ideal dilute solution) 4. Colligative coefficient of dilute solution Nodus: 1. Conceptions of partial molar quantity and chemical potential 2. Raoult’s law and Henry’s law 3. Conceptions of activity and activity coefficient and simple calculations of activity (fugacity) 4. Expressions of chemical potential of components Chapter 5 Chemical equilibrium Master the definition of standard constant. Comprehend the derivations of isothermal and isobaric equations in chemical reaction and their applications. Learn to calculate equilibrium constant and equilibrium composition by thermodynamic data. Learn to identify the possible reaction direction in certain conditions. Learn to analyze the effects of temperature, pressure, composition, etc. on equilibrium. Mayor Contents: 5.1 Chemical equilibrium condition and compatible potential 5.2 Equilibrium constant and isothermal function of chemical reaction 5.3 Relation of equilibrium constant and chemical equation 5.4 Heterogeneous chemical equilibrium 5.5 Determination of equilibrium constant and calculation of equilibrium rate of conversion 5.6 Standard Gibbs free energy of formation 5.7 Calculation of equilibrium constant by partition function 5.8 Effects of temperature, pressure and inert gas on chemical equilibrium 5.9 Synchronous equilibrium Key Points: 1. Definition of standard constant