Fano suggested:1. surface EM waves at lossy-dielectric-air interfaces at radiofrequencies (Zenneck-Sommerfeld waves)2. surface EM waves at metal-air interfaces in the optical region(Fano modes)3. loss-free dielectric/air interfaces (Brewster anle EM waves)"'represent for media of different electrical properties the samesingular case defined by the same mathematical equation'7
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Ritchie(1957)Demonstrated theoretically the existence of Surfaceplasmaexcitations (surfaceplasmons)at ametal surfaceStern(1958)Showed (theoretically) that surface EM waves at a metallic surfaceinvolved EM radiation coupled to surface plasmons.Derived,for the first time, the dispersion relations for surfaceEMwaves atmetal surfaces8
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Powell&Swan(1960)Observedtheexcitationof surfaceplasmons atmetal interfacesusing electrons.0tto(1968)Devised the ATR (prism coupling)methodforthe coupling of bulkEMwaves(optical)tosurfaceEMwaves.Kretschmann(1971)Modified the Otto geometry is now the most widely used devicegeometry.Knoll（(1989)Introduced the technique of Surface Plasmon Microscopy9
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ExtraordinaryopticaltransmissionT.W.Ebbesengroup,1998StartpointofSPPBottleneck:lowlighttransmittivityofapertures smallerthanthewavelengthofincidentphotonHole arrays in silver film:metalfilmthicknessPeriodicity of holessaoScale of holesdsResults:ExtraordinarytransmissionMaximumat 2/d~10Influenceoft(inAPL)Explanation:Coupling of light and plasmons0.51.522.51Wavelength/period10ExtraordinaryopticaltransmissionthroughsubwavelengthholesT.W.Ebbesenetal,NATURE/VOL39112FEBRUARY1998
10 Bottleneck: low light transmittivity of apertures smaller than the wavelength of incident photon Hole arrays in silver film: metal film thickness t Periodicity of holes a0 Scale of holes d Results: Extraordinary transmission Maximum at /d~10 Influence of t (in APL) Explanation: Coupling of light and plasmons Extraordinary optical transmission T.W.Ebbesen group , 1998 Extraordinary optical transmission through subwavelength holes T.W. Ebbesen et al, NATURE |VOL 391 | 12 FEBRUARY 1998 Start point of SPP
Beaming lightfromabull's eyes structureT.W.Ebbesen group, 2002ProgressworkBTo solve:lightdiffracts inalldirections whenanapertureisO.Fsmall.10.0Bull's eye of Ag film:0.2thickness300nm0.0y500nmGroove periodicity500400600700800900Wavelength (nm)DcAnddepth60nmHolediamter250nm0.6Results:Beaming lightAngie (deg)Explanation:Couplingof lightand plasmons11Beaming lightfromasubwavelengthhole,T.W.Ebbesenetal,Science,297,820(2002)
11 Beaming light from a bull’s eyes structure T.W.Ebbesen group , 2002 Progress work Beaming light from a subwavelength hole, T.W. Ebbesen et al, Science,297,820(2002) To solve: light diffracts in all directions when an aperture is small. Bull’s eye of Ag film: thickness 300nm Groove periodicity 500nm And depth 60nm Hole diamter 250nm Results: Beaming light Explanation: Coupling of light and plasmons