食品的不同典型质构特征 • Liquids—Viscosity • Gels—Elasticity • Fibrous Foods—Muscle mass behavior • Agglomerates of turgid cells—Whole cell properties • Unctuous food—Fatty substances • Friable Structures— Crispiness • Glassy Foods— Graininess • Agglomerates of gasfilled vesicles—Foams and Sponges • Combinations of the preceding structures— no one structural element predominating
食品的不同典型质构特征 • Liquids—Viscosity • Gels—Elasticity • Fibrous Foods—Muscle mass behavior • Agglomerates of turgid cells—Whole cell properties • Unctuous food—Fatty substances • Friable Structures— Crispiness • Glassy Foods— Graininess • Agglomerates of gasfilled vesicles—Foams and Sponges • Combinations of the preceding structures— no one structural element predominating
食品质构的评价方法 • 客观评价 Objective – direct - fundamental, empirical, imitative – indirect - chemical, optical, acoustical, other • 主观评价 Subjective – oral - mechanical, geometrical, chemical – nonoral - fingers, hand, other • 物性的仪器测定(小变形、大变形) • 感官评价(用语言和尺度测定质构,咀嚼、吞咽 功能的测定) • 组织结构观察(显微镜观察、图像分析) • 知觉和认识 • 化学评价
食品质构的评价方法 • 客观评价 Objective – direct - fundamental, empirical, imitative – indirect - chemical, optical, acoustical, other • 主观评价 Subjective – oral - mechanical, geometrical, chemical – nonoral - fingers, hand, other • 物性的仪器测定(小变形、大变形) • 感官评价(用语言和尺度测定质构,咀嚼、吞咽 功能的测定) • 组织结构观察(显微镜观察、图像分析) • 知觉和认识 • 化学评价
基础力学测试 • 测定具有明确力学定义的参数 • 粘度,杨氏/剪切/体积模量及泊松比 viscosity, Young's modulus , shear modulus, bulk modulus, and poisson's ratio • 小变形;材料各向均质,结构的规则性及统 一性 • 定义明确,数据易于比较 • 慢;与感官评价间的相关性不及经验测定法, 难以表现食品质构的综合力学性质 2、食品质构的仪器测定
基础力学测试 • 测定具有明确力学定义的参数 • 粘度,杨氏/剪切/体积模量及泊松比 viscosity, Young's modulus , shear modulus, bulk modulus, and poisson's ratio • 小变形;材料各向均质,结构的规则性及统 一性 • 定义明确,数据易于比较 • 慢;与感官评价间的相关性不及经验测定法, 难以表现食品质构的综合力学性质 2、食品质构的仪器测定
模拟测定法 Imitative tests • 模拟食品材料的实际应用条件 • the TPA – 模拟牙齿的咀嚼功能(咀嚼机) • Farinograph粉质仪- imitates the handling and working of bread dough • Bostwick Consistometer稠度计- measures the flow of semifluid foods across the plate, and butter spread
模拟测定法 Imitative tests • 模拟食品材料的实际应用条件 • the TPA – 模拟牙齿的咀嚼功能(咀嚼机) • Farinograph粉质仪- imitates the handling and working of bread dough • Bostwick Consistometer稠度计- measures the flow of semifluid foods across the plate, and butter spread