物理学 5-3电场强度 第五版 静电场( Electrostatic field 实验证实了两静止电荷间存在相互作用的静电力, 但其相互作用是怎样实现的? 大量实验表明,电荷周围存在一种特殊的物质 A large number of experiments indicated that the surroundings of electric charge exist a special matter--- Electric field 1,电荷产生电场. The charges create the electric field 2,电场对其中的电荷施加作用力 The electric force on a charge is exerted by the electric field. 静电场:相对观察者静止电荷周围存在的电场 Electrostatic field: Stationary electric charge relative to observer around exists electrostatic fiel 第五章静电场 128
第五章 静电场 物理学 第五版 5-3 电场强度 1/28 一 静电场(Electrostatic field) 实验证实了两静止电荷间存在相互作用的静电力, 但其相互作用是怎样实现的? 大量实验表明,电荷周围存在一种特殊的物质。 1,电荷产生电场. 2,电场对其中的电荷施加作用力. A large number of experiments indicated that the surroundings of electric charge exist a special matter--- Electric field The charges create the electric field. The electric force on a charge is exerted by the electric field. 静电场: 相对观察者静止电荷周围存在的电场 Electrostatic field: Stationary electric charge relative to observer around exists electrostatic field
物理学 5-3电场强度 第五版 电荷之间的相互作用过程 The processes of interaction between charges 电荷 电场 电荷 Charge Electric field Charge 场 The fields 物质 实物 The matter The bodies 第五章静电场 2/28
第五章 静电场 物理学 第五版 5-3 电场强度 2/28 实物 The bodies 物 质 The matter 场 The fields 电荷之间的相互作用过程 The processes of interaction between charges 电 荷 Charge 电 场 Electric field 电 荷 Charge
物理学 5-3电场强度 第五版 电场强度( Electric field intensity) 实验一( Experiment one)试验电荷:电量足够小的点电荷 库仑定律(ombm) Test charge. a point charge with enough small electric quantities 4。 F FE lo EF F F=1mr|aieq试验电荷 4丌er chi gge Test charge 结论:电场中不同点的电荷所受的电场力是不同的 Conclu eren t points elec field receives the electrical field force is different h 第五章静电场 5/28
第五章 静电场 物理学 第五版 5-3 电场强度 5/28 二 电场强度(Electric field intensity) 实验一(Experiment one) q0试验电荷 Test charge 试验电荷:电量足够小的点电荷 Test charge: A point charge with enough small electric quantities q0 1 2 3 F F F q0 3 2 1 F F F 0 3 0 1 4 π qq F r ε r = 结论:电场中不同点的电荷所受的电场力是不同的 Conclusion: The charge in different points of electric field receives the electrical field force is different 库仑定律(Coulomb law) q 场源电荷 Field source charge q
物理学 5-3电场强度 第五版 实验二( Experiment two) 库仑定律(Col0 mb law) F 1 gq 4 7aA I F=2F应2=3F,…「q场酒电荷 FFF FF F Field ource 2 chi ige 0 0 结论:电场中同一点的电荷所受的电场力 与电荷电量的比值是相同的。 Conclusion: In same point of electric field the electrical field force that charge receives to the quantities of charge ratio is the same 第五章静电场 6/28
第五章 静电场 物理学 第五版 5-3 电场强度 6/28 实验二(Experiment two) 库仑定律(Coulomb law) q 场源电荷 Field source charge q 结论:电场中同一点的电荷所受的电场力 与电荷电量的比值是相同的。 Conclusion: In same point of electric field the electrical field force that charge receives to the quantities of charge ratio is the same q0 F F1 0 2q 0 3q F2 q0 F F1 0 2q 0 3q F2 0 3 0 1 4 π qq F r ε r = 1 2 F F F F = = 2 , 3 ,... 1 2 0 0 0 ... 2 3 F F F q q q = = =
物理学 5-3电场强度 第五版 电场强度 Electric F +g +go field E F aty 40 场源电荷试验电荷 9o=+1,E=F Field source Test charge charge 电场中某点处的电场强度在数值上等于位于该点处的单 位正试验电荷所受到的电场力,其方向为正电荷受力方向 Electric field intensity of a point at in electric field is in value equal to the electric field force that received by the unit positive test charge at the point, the its direction is the direction of force for positive charge. ◆单位Umin):NC-1,m-1 ◆电荷q在电场中受力F=qE 第五章静电场 7/28
第五章 静电场 物理学 第五版 5-3 电场强度 7/28 电场中某点处的电场强度在数值上等于位于该点处的单 位正试验电荷所受到的电场力,其方向为正电荷受力方向. q E F 0 = + = 1, +q 场源电荷 Field source charge F 试验电荷 Test charge 0 电场强度 +q Electric field intensity q0 F E = Electric field intensity of a point in electric field is in value equal to the electric field force that received by the unit positive test charge at the point, the its direction is the direction of force for positive charge. 单位(Unit):NC -1 ,Vm -1 电荷q在电场中受力 F qE =