物理学 5-8电场强度与电势梯度 第五版 一等势面(Eequipotential surface) 空间电势相等的点连接起来所形成的面称为等势 面.为了描述空间电场强度和电势的分布,规定任意 两相邻等势面间的电势差相等. The spatial surfaces on which the electric potential is the same at every point is called an equipotential surface, In order to describe the spatial distribution of electric field intensity electric potential we require potential difference is the equal between any two adjacent equipotential surfaces ◇在静电场中,电荷沿等势面移动时,电场力做功为零 In the electrostatic field, the test charge mobility along the equipotential surface, the work by electric force is zero 第五章静电场 1/24
第五章 静电场 物理学 第五版 5-8 电场强度与电势梯度 1/24 空间电势相等的点连接起来所形成的面称为等势 面. 为了描述空间电场强度和电势的分布，规定任意 两相邻等势面间的电势差相等. 一 等势面(Eequipotential surface) The spatial surfaces on which the electric potential is the same at every point is called an equipotential surface ,In order to describe the spatial distribution of electric field intensity & electric potential we require potential difference is the equal between any two adjacent equipotential surfaces 在静电场中,电荷沿等势面移动时,电场力做功为零。 = 0 ( − ) = 0 d = 0 b a ab a b W q V V q E l In the electrostatic field, the test charge mobility along the equipotential surface, the work by electric force is zero
物理学 5-8电场强度与电势梯度 第五版 ◆在静电场中,电场强度总是与等势面垂直的,即 电场线是和等势面正交的曲线簇 the electrostatic field, the electric field intensity is always perpendicular to equipotential surface, that is electric field lines are the curves clusters that are always mutually perpendicular with equipotential surfaces b E·dl=0 ao 0 b b ab qE·d=「 goE cos edl q0o≠0,E≠0,d≠0,a≠b→>c0s6=0 ∴.E⊥dl 第五章静电场 2/24
第五章 静电场 物理学 第五版 5-8 电场强度与电势梯度 2/24 = 0 d = 0 b a ab W q E l 0 q E l a b → = 0, 0,d 0, cos 0 E l ⊥d 在静电场中，电场强度总是与等势面垂直的，即 电场线是和等势面正交的曲线簇. In the electrostatic field, the electric field intensity is always perpendicular to equipotential surface, that is, electric field lines are the curves clusters that are always mutually perpendicular with equipotential surfaces 0 0 d cos d b b ab a a W q E l q E l = =
物理学 5-8电场强度与电势梯度 第五版 ◆按规定,电场中任意两相邻等势面之间的电势差相等, 即等势面的疏密程度同样可以表示场强的大小 As a rule, in the electric field the electric potential difference is the equal between any two adjacent equipotential surface, that is, the degree of potential surface density indicate the size of electric field intensity in the same ◆等势面越密的地方,电场强度越大 the greater is the density of the equipotential surface in the place, the greater is the electric field intensity 第五章静电场 3/24
第五章 静电场 物理学 第五版 5-8 电场强度与电势梯度 3/24 按规定,电场中任意两相邻等势面之间的电势差相等, 即等势面的疏密程度同样可以表示场强的大小． As a rule, in the electric field the electric potential difference is the equal between any two adjacent equipotential surface, that is, the degree of potential surface density indicate the size of electric field intensity in the same the greater is the density of the equipotential surface in the place, the greater is the electric field intensity 等势面越密的地方，电场强度越大
物理学 5-8电场强度与电势梯度 第五版 点电荷的电场线和等势面 (Equipotential surfaces& electric field lines of point charges) E2<E1 dl, dl 第五章静电场 4/24
第五章 静电场 物理学 第五版 5-8 电场强度与电势梯度 4/24 点电荷的电场线和等势面 (Equipotential surfaces & electric field lines of point charges) d 1 l d 2 l d 2 d 1 l l E2 E1
物理学 5-8电场强度与电势梯度 第五版 对等量异号点电荷的电场线和等势面 The equipotential surfaces electric field linesofa pairof chargesof equal magnitude& oppsite sign 第五章静电场 5/24
第五章 静电场 物理学 第五版 5-8 电场强度与电势梯度 5/24 一对等量异号点电荷的电场线和等势面 The Equipotential surfaces & electric field linesof a pair of chargesof equal magnitude & oppsite sign +