15.2 Environments and Microenvironments 境与微环境 Growth of microorganisms in nature Resources(nutrients available) ·Proper Conditions 。·Temperature ·pH 。Vater availability ·Light Oxygen Slow growth in nature than in pure culture E.coli doubling time:12 hour in intestine,20 min in culture 6 Microbiology.Shanghai Jiao Tong University
6 Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 15.2 Environments and Microenvironments 环 境与微环境 Growth of microorganisms in nature • Resources (nutrients available) • Proper Conditions • Temperature • pH • Water availability • Light • Oxygen Slow growth in nature than in pure culture • E. coli doubling time: 12 hour in intestine, 20 min in culture
Microenvironment微环境 ©Niche for microorganism微生物的小生境 (生态位) Prime niche:a habitat defined by the type and quantity of different resources and the physicochemical conditions in which a microorganism is most successful初始生态 位：自然界中微生物最适宜的小环境 Think small-microenvironment 3 mm to E.coli just as the same of 2 km to a man 7 Microbiology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University
7 Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Microenvironment 微环境 Niche for microorganism微生物的小生境 （生态位） • Prime niche: a habitat defined by the type and quantity of different resources and the physicochemical conditions in which a microorganism is most successful初始生态 位:自然界中微生物最适宜的小环境 Think small-microenvironment • 3 mm to E. coli just as the same of 2 km to a man
15.3 Microbial Growth on Surfaces and Biofilms 表面生长与生物膜 Surfaces are important microbial habitats because:固体表面是重要的微生物生活环境： ·Nutrients can adsorb to them;营养可吸附于表面 In the microenvironment of a surface,nutrient level may be much higher than they are in the bulk solution. 微环境的固体表面有更高的营养物水平（与水环境相 比)。 A surface may itself also be a nutrient,such as a particle of organic matter.固体表面可能本身就是营养 8 Microbiology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University
8 Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 15.3 Microbial Growth on Surfaces and Biofilms 表面生长与生物膜 Surfaces are important microbial habitats because:固体表面是重要的微生物生活环境： • Nutrients can adsorb to them;营养可吸附于表面； • In the microenvironment of a surface, nutrient level may be much higher than they are in the bulk solution. 微环境的固体表面有更高的营养物水平（与水环境相 比）。 • A surface may itself also be a nutrient, such as a particle of organic matter.固体表面可能本身就是营养
Microscope slides can be used as experimental surfaces to which organisms can attach and grow.显微用玻片可作为微生物附着和生 长的表面 (b) 2012 Pearson Education,Inc. Bacterial microcolonies developing on a microscope slide immersed in a small river..The bright particles are mineral matter..小河中玻片长出的微菌落，亮颗粒 是矿物颗粒
Bacterial microcolonies developing on a microscope slide immersed in a small river. The bright particles are mineral matter. 小河中玻片长出的微菌落,亮颗粒 是矿物颗粒. Microscope slides can be used as experimental surfaces to which organisms can attach and grow.显微用玻片可作为微生物附着和生 长的表面
(b)Fluorescence photomicrograph of a natural microbial community Microcolonies colonizing plant roots in soil. Root Note microcolony development.荧光照片：土 壤根际的自然微生物群 落，注意其中的微菌落 (a) 2012 Pearson Education,Inc. (stained with acridine orange)丫啶橙染色
(b) Fluorescence photomicrograph of a natural microbial community colonizing plant roots in soil. Note microcolony development. 荧光照片:土 壤根际的自然微生物群 落,注意其中的微菌落. (stained with acridine orange)丫啶橙染色