Thermal EnergyBody Temp.Temperature in living systemsEffect(℃) @(F)110Brain damage> Man is a constant temperature animal withPass outNauseous feelingdeep body temperature of about 37°C.40100Sweatingbegins37> It is obvious that temperature needs to be98.6Stateofbasichealth35Shivering andcontrolled within a very narrow range forgoosebumpseffective biological functions.Treatmentfor90exposure required30LosepowerThermal death for most bacteria ofspeechBlue green algae maximum toleranceHumped-up80Thermal death -plant pathogenic fungi and rigidCacti surviveabovethis25Xerophytic plants-IIrreversibly coldShade plants -frommostsituationsHouse Fly70Chicken20RatCatMan60Lowesttemperature3050204060701008090withrecoveryTemperature(°C)
Temperature in living systems ➢ Man is a constant temperature animal with deep body temperature of about 37℃. ➢ It is obvious that temperature needs to be controlled within a very narrow range for effective biological functions. Thermal Energy
Thermal EnergyTemperature sensation in humansFreezingColdCoolBurningIndifferent WarmHotHotColdoWarmthreceptors10Heat-painoosaCold receptorsCold-pain420104020305060Temperature (°C)> The heat receptors: sensitive (30- 45 °C)> The cold receptors: sensitive (10 - 40 °C)> In the extreme hot or cold region, only pain fibers are stimulated.> Thermal senses respond markedly to changes
➢ The heat receptors: sensitive (30− 45 ℃) ➢ The cold receptors: sensitive (10 − 40 ℃) ➢ In the extreme hot or cold region, only pain fibers are stimulated. ➢ Thermal senses respond markedly to changes. Temperature sensation in humans Thermal Energy
Thermal EnergyThermal Comfort of Human and AnimalsHumanHeat Loss829Evaporation"Slightly warm zone"MoistureConductior(about20%)problems(usually very little)809inwintermonthsRadiation269(about40%)Convection(about40%)78°TemperatureComfortZone769249(℃)74RelativeHumidityAir TemperatureStatic72°electricitySurrounding surface220Air Motionproblemstemperature"Slightly cool zone70°720Thermal ComfortFactors304050607010Relative Humidity (%)> When surrounded by air, body heat losses are primarily byconduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation.> Body heat losses are affected by air temperature, humidity, andvelocity
➢ When surrounded by air, body heat losses are primarily by conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. ➢ Body heat losses are affected by air temperature, humidity, and velocity. Thermal Comfort of Human and Animals Thermal Energy
ContentsEnergy and temperatureThree modes of heat transferHeat transfer processDiscussion
◆ Energy and temperature ◆ Three modes of heat transfer ◆ Heat transfer process ◆ Discussion Contents
Three modes of heat transferThree modes of heat transferEvaporationConvection30%27%Radiatior40%AirmotionConduction3%Floor
Three modes of heat transfer Three modes of heat transfer