InterdependentconstrualofselfFound in collectivist culturesAttentiveness andresponsiveness toothersGroupbelongingOther-focused- Tend to use group norms,group interests, andgroup responsibilities to interpret and evaluateothers'conflictbehaviors
Interdependent construal of self ◼ Found in collectivist cultures ◼ Attentiveness and responsiveness to others ◼ Group belonging ◼ Other-focused ◼ Tend to use group norms ,group interests, and group responsibilities to interpret and evaluate others’ conflict behaviors
2.Low- and High-context CulturesHigh-contextcultures(collectivism)Pre-programmed info in the receiver and inthe settingMinimal info in the transmitted messageCommunication patternsspiral logicinteractionindirect verbal negotiation modesubtlenonverbal nuancesResponsive intentioninferenceInterpreter-sensitivevalue
2. Low- and High-context Cultures High-context cultures (collectivism): ◼ Pre-programmed info in the receiver and in the setting ◼ Minimal info in the transmitted message ◼ Communication patterns spiral logic interaction indirect verbal negotiation mode subtle nonverbal nuances Responsive intention inference Interpreter-sensitive value
Low-context culturesMost of the info in the transmitted messageCommunicationpatternsLinearlogic interaction approachDirect verbal interaction styleOvert intentionexpressionsSender-oriented value
Low-context cultures ◼ Most of the info in the transmitted message ◼ Communication patterns Linear logic interaction approach Direct verbal interaction style Overt intention expressions Sender-oriented value
2.1 Bargaining resources in conflict-ForLCoindividual pride and self-esteemoIndividual ego-based emotionsIndividual sense of autonomy and power.ForHCRelational"face"maintenance and group harmonyGroup-oriented statusand self-esteemFace-related emotionsReciprocal senseoffavors and obligations
2.1 Bargaining resources in conflict ◼ For LC individual pride and self-esteem Individual ego-based emotions Individual sense of autonomy and power ◼ For HC Relational “face” maintenance and group harmony Group-oriented status and self-esteem Face-related emotions Reciprocal sense of favors and obligations
2.2FaceIn collectivist culturesHighlysensitivetotheeffectofwhattheysayonothersLanguageis botha social instrument,a devicefor preservingand promoting social interests,and a means for transmittinginformationCommunicatorsweightheirwords carefullyoFace-to-faceconversationscontainmany emollientexpressions of respectand courtesyalong-sidea substantiveelement rich in meaning and lowin redundancyDirectnessandespeciallycontradictionaremuchdislikedblunt NO's arehardtobefound
2.2 Face ◼ In collectivist cultures Highly sensitive to the effect of what they say on others. Language is both a social instrument, a device for preserving and promoting social interests, and a means for transmitting information Communicators weigh their words carefully Face-to-face conversations contain many emollient expressions of respect and courtesy along-side a substantive element rich in meaning and low in redundancy. Directness and especially contradiction are much disliked, blunt NO’s are hard to be found