、单糖 (Monosaccharides) (一)结构(Structures) 差向异构体(Epimers)一 Distereomers that differ in configuration at only one chirality center are called epimers HC=0 HC=0 HC=0 HC-O HO H H OH HO H OH O H OH HO- H HO H H - OH H CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH D-ribose D-arabinose D-idose D-talose C-2 epimers C-3 epimers
二、单糖(Monosaccharides) (一)结构(Structures) 差向异构体 ( Epimers ) ——Distereomers that differ in configuration at only one chirality center are called epimers
二、单糖 (Monosaccharides) (一)结构(Structures) 3.环状结构和变旋现象 Cyclic Structures and Mutarotation 实验事实: (1)IR中没有C=O的吸收峰,HNMR中也 见不到醛基质子的信号; (2)只与1mol的醇反应形成糖苷: (3)变旋现象
二、单糖(Monosaccharides) (一)结构(Structures) 3. 环状结构和变旋现象 (Cyclic Structures and Mutarotation) 实验事实: (1)IR中没有C=O的吸收峰,1H NMR中也 见不到醛基质子的信号; (2)只与1mol的醇反应形成糖苷; (3)变旋现象
、单糖 (Monosaccharides) (一)结构(Structures) 3.环状结构和变旋现象 Actually pentoses and hexoses exist in solution as intramolecular hemiacetals or hemiketals,forming stable 5 or 6 membered rings (furan and pyran ring). C-H O-H cyclic hemiacetal .An additional asymmertric carbon atom
二、单糖(Monosaccharides) (一)结构(Structures) 3. 环状结构和变旋现象 Actually pentoses and hexoses exist in solution as intramolecular hemiacetals or hemiketals, forming stable 5 or 6 membered rings (furan and pyran ring). C O H O C O H O C O H O O H O H H H H + cyclic hemiacetal H H H ⚫An additional asymmertric carbon atom
anomers (>99%) H OH HO. OH OH HO HO 糖在溶液中的结构 OH 1,5 closing 1,5 closing OH 1CHO CH2OH 2-OH CH2OH a-D-(+)-glucopyranose HO-3 B-D-(+)-glucopyranose (36.4%) 4- OH 63.6%) 5 OH H OH 6CH2OH HO OH 1,4 closing D-(+)-glucose 1,4 closimg OH HO (<0.0026%) HO- OH 一OH CH2OH CH2OH a-D-(+)-glucofuranose anomers(<1%) B-D-(+)-glucofuranose
CHO CH2OH OHOH HO OH D-(+)-glucose CH2OH OHO HO OH -D-(+)-glucofuranose CH2OH OHO HO OH -D-(+)-glucofuranose CH2OH OOH HO OH -D-(+)-glucopyranose CH2OH OOH HO OH -D-(+)-glucopyranose H OH HO H H OH HO H (36.4%) (63.6%) (<0.0026%) anomers (<1%) anomers (>99%) 12 3 456 1, 5 closing 1, 5 closing 1, 4 closim 1, g 4 closing 糖在溶液中的结构
(一)结构(Structures) 3.环状结构和变旋现象 H OH HO H OH OH HO HO- OH -OH CH2OH CH2OH a-D-(+)-glucofuranose B-D-(+)-glucofuranose 异头体(anomers)一仅头个手性碳原子(半 缩醛酮碳)构型不相同的两个异构体
(一)结构(Structures) 3. 环状结构和变旋现象 CH2OH OH O HO OH H OH -D-(+)-glucofuranose 451 CH2OH OH O HO OH HO H -D-(+)-glucofuranose 异头体(anomers)—— 仅头个手性碳原子(半 缩醛酮碳)构型不相同的两个异构体