13 Emotional Expression The overt behavioral signs of emotion Various ways: facial expressions, posture gestures, and tone of voice Creating fear in the face
1.3 Emotional Expression The overt behavioral signs of emotion Various ways: facial expressions, posture, gestures, and tone of voice. Creating fear in the face
1.3.1 Facial Expression and Emotion o Tomkins(1962): the face is the primary center of emotion a The relationship between emotion and facial muscle movements is uniform enough across individuals and cultures. Ekman, 1971) o Facial expressions not only indicate a person emotional state, but they also influence its physiological and subjective components. Ekman, 1992)
1.3.1 Facial Expression and Emotion Tomkins(1962): the face is the primary center of emotion The relationship between emotion and facial muscle movements is uniform enough across individuals and cultures.(Ekman, 1971) Facial expressions not only indicate a person emotional state, but they also influence its physiological and subjective components.(Ekman, 1992)
13.2CulitureandEmotonalDisplay Rules Some facial expressions are universally recognized (Ekman, 1971, Ekman& Oster, 1979) Ekman Oster(1979): surprise, fear, anger, disgust happiness, and sadness zard(1977): shame and interest. Display rules: express in an appropriate way within their culture or subculture Stephan et al(1996): Costa Rica& US on PE, NE expressing Ekman(1977): Japanese North Americans, aware or unaware of being observed Cool
1.3.2 Culture and Emotional Display Rules Some facial expressions are universally recognized (Ekman,1971;Ekman & Oster,1979) • Ekman & Oster(1979): surprise, fear, anger, disgust, happiness, and sadness. • Izard(1977): shame and interest. Display rules: express in an appropriate way within their culture or subculture. • Stephan et al(1996): Costa Rica & US on PE, NE expressing • Ekman(1977): Japanese & North Americans, aware or unaware of being observed. • Cool
13.3 Gender and Emotional Expression n Woman probably experience emotion more intensely, are better able to read emotions from other people faces and nonverbal cues, and express emotion more intensely and openly than men n Children as young as 3 yrs old recognize that females are more likely to express fear, sadness and happiness, and males, anger o The possible reason: gender roles
1.3.3 Gender and Emotional Expression Woman probably experience emotion more intensely, are better able to read emotions from other people faces and nonverbal cues, and express emotion more intensely and openly than men. Children as young as 3 yrs old recognize that females are more likely to express fear, sadness, and happiness, and males, anger. The possible reason: gender roles
14 A Taxonomy of Emotions 口 Basic emotions PoSitive affect/Negative affect
1.4 A Taxonomy of Emotions Basic Emotions Positive affect / Negative affect