Metagenomics explore thecollectivegenomes ofmicrobialcommunitiesPureculture-16
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display 15-16 Metagenomics explore the collective genomes of microbial communities Pure culture
Microorganisms that livein extreme and unusualenvironments are oftendifficult to culture.HotspringsDeep sea sedimentsMining sites
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display 15-17 Microorganisms that live Microorganisms that live in extreme and unusual in extreme and unusual environments are often environments are often difficult to culture. difficult to culture. Hot springs Hot springs Deep sea sediments Deep sea sediments Mining sites Mining sites
An example: Bacteria in soil170016SrRNA sequencesanalyzed.847 distincttypes.Total DNAI PCR, cloningDNA sequencing16S rRNA15-18
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display 15-18 Total DNA 16S rRNA PCR, cloning DNA sequencing 1700 16S rRNA sequences analyzed. 847 distinct types. An example: Bacteria in soil
Metagenomics（宏基因组学）:TheanalysisofgenomicDNAfrom a microorganism community bypassing theneed to isolateand cultureindividual microbial species.DETERMINEWHATTHEGENESARE(Sequence-basedmetagenomics)IdentifygenesandmetabolicpathwaysComparetoothercommunitiesand more...Extract all DNAfrommicrobial communityinsampled environmentDETERMINEWHATTHE GENES DO(Function-basedmetagenomics)Screentoidentifyfunctionsof interest,suchasvitamin orantibioticproductionFindthegenesthat codeforfunctionsof interestand more...15-19
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display 15-19 Metagenomics Metagenomics (宏基因组学): The analysis of genomic DNA : The analysis of genomic DNA from a microorganism community bypassing the need to isolate from a microorganism community bypassing the need to isolate and culture individual microbial species. and culture individual microbial species
Metagenome（宏基因组）：Allthegeneticmaterialpresentinanenvironmental sample,consisting ofthegenomes ofmanyindividualorganisms.Antarcticbacterioplankton(DRl)hypersalinemats(UCol)Korarchaeotaenrichment Farmsoil(Diversa)Alaskansoil (UW)groundwater(ORNL)termitehindgut(CalTech)planktonicarchaea(MiT)15-20
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display 15-20 Metagenome Metagenome (宏基因组): All the genetic material present in an : All the genetic material present in an environmental sample, consisting of the genomes of many environmental sample, consisting of the genomes of many individual organisms. individual organisms. termite hindgut (CalTech) planktonic archaea (MIT) Alaskan soil (UW) groundwater (ORNL) Antarctic bacterioplankton (DRI) hypersaline mats (UCol) Korarchaeota enrichment Farm soil (Diversa)