CHO HO CN COoH CH (CHUR)4 HCN H20 (CHOH)4 20*(CHOR) HI. P 2+CH3( CH2)sCOOH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH HONOR Br2,H2O CH=NOH (CHOH)4 (CHOH)4 CH2OH CH2OH
常用 Fischer投影式表示糖的结构: mirror CHO CHO CH2OH HoH: H 2cO CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH Glyceraldehyde D-gyceraldehyde dihydroxyacetone L-甘油醛 D-甘油醛 二羟基丙酮 Fischer projection formulas 糖一般使用俗名,采用D-和L-表示构型异构
常用Fischer投影式表示糖的结构： HO H CHO CH2OH H OH CHO CH2OH L-glyceraldehyde D-glyceraldehyde mirror C O CH2OH CH2OH dihydroxyacetone Fischerprojectionformulas 1 2 3 1 2 3 L-甘油醛 D-甘油醛 二羟基丙酮 糖一般使用俗名，采用D- 和 L- 表示构型异构
D——相距醛(酮)基最远的手性碳上的羟基处在右边 L——相距醛(酮)基最远的手性碳上的羟基处在左边 H OH C=0 HO-=H HO H OH H OH HH OH H OH CH2OH CH2OH 己醛糖 己酮糖 D-(+)-葡萄糖 D-(-)-果糖 (2R3S4R5R)2,3,456五羟基己醛(3s4R5R)-3,456五羟基2-己酮
D —— 相距醛(酮)基最远的手性碳上的羟基处在右边 L —— 相距醛(酮)基最远的手性碳上的羟基处在左边
糖常可用下列几种方法表示, CHO CHO CHO H OH OH HO 三 HO HH OH HoHH OH OH OH CH2OH (i) CH,OHGi) CH2OH (iii) )为糖的 Fischer投影式, Gi将手性碳上的氢省略 (ⅲi将手性碳上的氢与羟基均省略
糖常可用下列几种方法表示， (i)为糖的 Fischer 投影式， (ii)将手性碳上的氢省略 (iii)将手性碳上的氢与羟基均省略
The Family CHO (3C) OH )-Glyceraldehyde of d-aldoses CHOH solute configuration) CHO CHO OH HO D-(-)-erythrose D-(-)-threose CHOH CH2OH CHO CHO CHO CHO OHLD-()-ribos OH LD-(+)-xylose OH HO HO OH OH D-(-)-arabinose D-(+)-lyxose OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH,OH CHO CHO CHO CHO CHO CHO CHO CHO OH HO oh Ho OH HO OH HO oh OH Ho HO 6 C OH oh Ho HO oH OH OH OH HO HO HO HO OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CHOH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH D-(+)-allose[-(+)-alroseD-(-glucoseD-(+)-mannose D-(-)-gulose D-(-)-idoseD-(+)-galactoseD-(+y-talose
The Family of D-aldoses CHO OH CH2OH D-(+)-Glyceraldehyde (absolute configuration) 3 C CHO CH2OH OH OH CHO CH2OH HO OH 4 C D-(-)-erythrose D-(-)-threose CHO CH2OH OH OH OH CHO HO OH OH CH2OH D-(-)-ribose D-(-)-arabinose CHO OH HO OH CH2OH CHO HO HO OH CH2OH D-(+)-xylose 5 C D-(+)-lyxose CHO CH2OH OH OH OH OH CHO HO OH CH2OH OH OH D-(+)-allose D-(+)-alrose CHO CH2OH OH OH HO OH CHO CH2OH OH OH HO HO D-(+)-glucose D-(+)-mannose 6 C CHO CH2OH OH HO OH OH CHO CH2OH OH HO OH HO D-(-)-gulose D-(-)-idose CHO CH2OH OH HO HO OH CHO CH2OH OH HO HO HO D-(+)-galactose D-(+)-talose