IntroductionChloroplastGuard>BiosystemcellPhloemTheLeafXylemChloroplastsClosedOpenStomateStomateeAirspace0000900008CuticleStomateCells of spongy LayerGuard cells
Introduction ➢Biosystem
Introduction>Heat transferHeat is transferred if there is a temperature difference in a mediumConductionthrougha solidConvectionfromasurfaceNetradiationheatexchangeorastationaryfluidto a moving fluidbetweentwosurfacesT,> T.Ti>T2TTSurface,TMoving fluid, TSurface,T,919
Introduction ➢Heat transfer Heat is transferred if there is a temperature difference in a medium
Introduction>Mass transferSimilarly, if there is a difference in the concentration of some chemicalspecies in a mixture, mass transfer must occur.Mass transfer is mass in transit as the result of a species concentrationdifference inamixtureExample: a drop of ink dripped into waterSmoke released from chimney
Introduction ➢Mass transfer Mass transfer is mass in transit as the result of a species concentration difference in a mixture. Similarly, if there is a difference in the concentration of some chemical species in a mixture, mass transfer must occur. Example: a drop of ink dripped into water Smoke released from chimney
Introduction>Physical Origins-DiffusionCAConcentration-ConcentrationofspeciesAof speciesBXoMass transferbydiffusionin a binary gas mixture
Introduction ➢Physical Origins-Diffusion Mass transfer by diffusion in a binary gas mixture
Introduction>Physical Origins-ConvectionV, CA,oNAUo1AdANLdx(b)(a)Local and total convection species transfer(a) Surface of arbitrary shape. (b) Flat plate
Introduction ➢Physical Origins-Convection Local and total convection species transfer. (a) Surface of arbitrary shape. (b) Flat plate