Chapter 1 1-1: Introduction to Linear Circuit Analysis PLumped Parameter Hypothesis, Basic Approaches Basic Parameters, Basic Terminology, Reference 《 Principles of Circuit Analysis》 direction, Fundamental Law(KVL、KCL、VCR) C1-2: Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Introductory Linear Circuit Analysis ts, resistance element, Lecture 2 ndependent source, controlled source, dynamic element C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two 2009.09.17 Terminals(One-port Network) 2 The concept of equivalent, the transfer of source Thevenin's theorem, Nortons theorem Chapter 1 Introductory Linear Circuit Analysis Cl-1: Introduction to Linear Circuit Analysis The electronics signal analySis: E(t, z)&H(t, z) =1A, V=5V Consistent reference direction Electromagnetic field theory, Circuit Analysis lated reference directio ai(t) The electronics signal analysis It is different between L<<A andL-A v(t (t) Vab=5v V=-5V P=VI>0? Dissipative element <0? Active element 心 Once the reference direction is defined, you dont need to change it w frequeney High frequency High frequen If result>o: the actual direction follows the reference (long wavelength (short wavelength (short wavelength) If result<0: the actual direction opposites the reference Parameter cireuit distributed Parameter circuit Aswell,s equations C1-2: Common circuit elements and Their Constraint REvie C1-2: Common circuit elements and Their Constraint equations Independent source V-V. nclusion: Components paralleled with the ideal voltage source have nothing to do with the outer circuits. Conclusion: Components in series with the ideal current source have nothing to do with the outer circuits 10A
第 ？讲： 复习 《Principles of Circuit Analysis》 Introductory Linear Circuit Analysis Lecture 2 2009.09.17 Interest Focus Persistence Originality 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 Chapter 1 C1-1：Introduction to Linear Circuit Analysis Lumped Parameter Hypothesis, Basic Approaches, Basic Parameters, Basic Terminology, Reference direction, Fundamental Law（KVL、KCL、VCR） C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Classification of components, resistance element, independent source, controlled source, dynamic element C1-3：Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network) The concept of equivalent, the transfer of source, Thévenin's theorem, Norton's theorem (the equivalent of source) 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 C1-1：Introduction to Linear Circuit Analysis The electronics signal analysis： Electromagnetic field theory、Circuit Analysis E(t, z)&H(t, z) A B C C’ The electronics signal analysis : It is different between L << λ and L ~ λ . low frequency (long wavelength) Lumped Parameter circuit High frequency (short wavelength) distributed Parameter circuit High frequency (short wavelength) Maxwell’s equations Review 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 *** I=1A,V=5V Vab=5V a b V=-5V ? P=VI > 0 ? < 0 ? Dissipative element Active element Once the reference direction is defined, you don’t need to change it. If result>0: the actual direction follows the reference. If result<0: the actual direction opposites the reference. + v(t) - i(t) a b + v(t) - i(t) Chapter 1 Introductory Linear Circuit Analysis ----From time-domain analysis to frequency-domain analysis Consistent reference direction (related reference direction) Review 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 Conclusion：Components paralleled with the ideal voltage source have nothing to do with the outer circuits. Conclusion：Components in series with the ideal current source have nothing to do with the outer circuits. Independent source R + - Vs + V =Vs - + - Vs + V =Vs - + - Vs Is R I =Is Is *** C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Review 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 P>0 ? P<0 + - + - Vs2=5V Vs1=10V 0 R I Vs V / P<0 P>0 ？ 0 I V Is / / Is1=10A / Is2=5A R + - Vs1× + - Vs2 Vs1× + - Is2=5A Is1=10A R × × C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations ***
Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Introductory Linear Circuit Analysis Cl-1: Introduction to Linear Circuit Analysis -From time-domain analysis to frequency-domain analysis CLumped Parameter Hypothesis, Basic Approaches. C1-2: Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Basic Parameters. Basic Terminology. Reference D Classification of components, resistance element, independent direction, Fundamental Law(KVL、KCL、VCR) source, controlled source, dynamic element C1-2: Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations operational amplifier, triode, transformer a classification of Independent souree, controlled source, dynamic element coupling inductance, gyrator C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two we can explain the physical phenomena bout transfer /amplification of source- 2 The concept of equivalent, the transfer of source, Thevenin's theorem Norton's theorem (the equivalent of source) C1-21 Common cireuit elements and Their Constraint Equations C1-2: Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Controlled source Controlled source symbol:o◇ 1. Explained the active characteristic of the element Feature: the voltage or current of this kind of source which does not have independent source. controlled by the outer branch's voltage or current. Exami -At v。vi"Avi/v C1-2: Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Cl-2: Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations d source magician Circuit for further consideration Explained the active characteristic of the element which does not have independent source Unreasonable circuit 2. Explained the conception of impedance conversion ample 2 The conception of negative resistance
北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 Chapter 1 C1-1：Introduction to Linear Circuit Analysis Lumped Parameter Hypothesis, Basic Approaches, Basic Parameters, Basic Terminology, Reference direction, Fundamental Law（KVL、KCL、VCR） C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Classification of components, resistance element, independent source, controlled source, dynamic element C1-3：Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network) The concept of equivalent, the transfer of source, Thévenin's theorem, Norton's theorem (the equivalent of source) 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 operational amplifier , triode, transformer, coupling inductance, gyrator …… we can explain the physical phenomena about transfer /amplification of source~ Chapter 1 Introductory Linear Circuit Analysis ----From time-domain analysis to frequency-domain analysis C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Classification of components, resistance element, independent source, controlled source, dynamic element 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 Controlled source symbol： Feature: the voltage or current of this kind of source is controlled by the outer branch’s voltage or current. - + VCCS VCVS CCCS CCVS - + - + gVi AVi KIi rIi 0 I V I=gVi 0 I V V=rIi *** C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 Controlled source 1. Explained the active characteristic of the element which does not have independent source. Example 1: Ri + Vi - + Vo - Ro + - AVi Vo/Vi=AVi/Vi=A Circuit model of operational amplifier C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 Controlled source 1. Explained the active characteristic of the element which does not have independent source. 2. Explained the conception of impedance conversion and negative resistance element Example 2: R1 + Vo - aI1 I1 Io R=Vo/Io=V1/(1-a)I1= R1/(1-a) The conception of negative resistance Magician C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 Circuit for further consideration: + Vs - R I 3I Unreasonable circuit R R Not in accord with KCL X Impossible circuit C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations
Content C1-2, Common circuit elements and Their Constraint equattons C1-2: Common circuit elements and D Classification of compo a Linear constant capacitance: C dependent source controlled source, dynamic element Constraint Equation: @(t=Cr(t) C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Symbol: i(t) Terminals(One-port Network 2 The concept of equivalent, the transfer of source p()-/)=a CV curve Thevenin,s theorem Norton's theorem the equivalent of source) b Linear constant inductance: L Constraint Equation: P(t=Li(t) Symbol: I(t) omen=dy(o) y(t L a( WA curve Content C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals C1-2: Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations independent source, controlled source, dynamic element If the port characteristic(I-V curve)of an one-port network NI is the C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two same as another one-port network N2, these two networks are Terminals(One-port Network) quivalent, which means they can be exchanged equivalently 2 The concept of equivalent, the transfer of source, Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem ( the equivalent of source) I-V curve Overlapping completely I-V equations V Completely the same C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals Equivalent Components paralleled with the ideal voltage source have nothing to do with the outer crcuits. omponents in series with the eal current source have nothmg to do with the outer circur
北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 Content C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Classification of components、 resistance element 、 independent source 、controlled source、 dynamic element C1-3：Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network) The concept of equivalent, the transfer of source, Thévenin's theorem 、 Norton's theorem (the equivalent of source) restless element 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 0 + v(t) - i(t) Q V CV curve a. Linear constant capacitance: C Constraint Equation: Q(t)=Cv(t) Symbol： dt dv t C dt d t i t ( ) ( ) ( ) = = Q 0 + v(t) - i(t) I WA curve b. Linear constant inductance: L Constraint Equation : Ψ(t)=Li(t) Symbol: dt di t L dt d t v t ( ) ( ) ( ) = = ψ Ψ C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations *** 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 Content C1-2：Common circuit elements and Their Constraint Equations Classification of components、 resistance element 、 independent source 、controlled source、 dynamic element C1-3：Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network) The concept of equivalent, the transfer of source, Thévenin's theorem 、 Norton's theorem (the equivalent of source) 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 C1-3：Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network) The conception of equivalent: If the port characteristic (I-V curve) of an one-port network N1 is the same as another one-port network N2, these two networks are equivalent, which means they can be exchanged equivalently. V(t) + - N1 I(t) N2 I(t) V(t) + - Outer circuit Any circuit 0 I V I-V curve or I-V equations Overlapping completely or Completely the same *** Any circuit Outer circuit 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 Example 1: N1 1Ω + - 10V 5A 1Ω 1Ω N2 5A 5A 0 I V Equivalent ？ Why? C1-3：Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network) 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 0 I Vs V R + - Vs + - + - Vs 0 I V I0 Is R Is Example: *** C1-3：Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network) Equivalent ？ Why? Components paralleled with the ideal voltage source have nothing to do with the outer circuits. Components in series with the ideal current source have nothing to do with the outer circuits
C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network) (One-port Network) The equivalent of resistance elements 2.The equivalent of dynamic elements 0)=V R=R1+R2+ 0)=c V=R1+R2=l(R1+R2) Completely the same If 1(t)is limited(oc), v(t)is milarly, when paralleled: G=G+G? a continuous function (t)=r(0)+-|r(n)d(r) The voltage of the capacitance C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals 2.The equivalent of dynamic elements 3.The equivalent of source Inductance: i(t).1(0)0 v()=L i(t) Ifv(t) is limited(≠∞,f(t)isa ontinuous function. f components paralleled with the ideal voltage source have nothing to do with the outer circuits. ()=1(0)+7v(d( The current of the inductance can It change shapely omponents in series wah the ideal current source have nothing to do wih the outer circuits. C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals k Network 3. The equivalent of source: (equivalent of practical source) 3. The equivalent of source: (equivalent of practical source) i(t) R Practical vltage E Thevenin's [equivalent condition: VR1. Ideal voltage Practical source i(t) i(t) Source R, v(t) R v(t) v(t=RL-R.i(t Practical curre Nortons source circuits
北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 + I R - V Similarly, when paralleled: G=G1+G2 V I + - R1 R2 1.The equivalent of resistance elements = R=R1+R2 I-V equations Completely the same V=IR1+IR2=I(R1+R2) V=IR C1-3：Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network) 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学∫ wwhu 北京大学 = + t i t d t C v t v 0 ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) (0) 2.The equivalent of dynamic elements + v(t) - i(t) dt dv t i t C ( ) ( ) = Capacitance : The voltage of the capacitance can’t change shapely. If i(t) is limited (≠∝), v(t) is a continuous function. *** 0 v V (0) = + v(t) - i(t) + - V V s = 0 v(0) 0 = C1-3：Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network) 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu = 北京大学 + ∫ t v t d t wwhu 北京大学 L i t I 0 ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) (0) dt di t v t L ( ) ( ) = Inductance : The current of the inductance can’t change shapely. If v (t) is limited (≠∝), i(t) is a continuous function. + v(t) - i(t) I(0)≠0 I(0)=0 + v(t) - i(t) Is= I(0) *** 2.The equivalent of dynamic elements C1-3：Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network) 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 is1 is2 s = ∑ si i i ＋ － ++ - ＋ － ++ - ＋ － ++ - s = ∑ si v v 3.The equivalent of source + - = ? + - = ? *** Components paralleled with the ideal voltage source have nothing to do with the outer circuits. Components in series with the ideal current source have nothing to do with the outer circuits. C1-3：Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network) { 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 3.The equivalent of source: (equivalent of practical source) 0 I V I=Is 0 I V V=Vs Ideal voltage source 0 I V Is Vs + - vs Rs Is Rs + - + - v(t) i(t) v(t) i(t) C1-3：Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network) Ideal current source Practical source 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 wwhu 北京大学 Practical voltage source + - vs Rs Is Rs + - + - v(t) i(t) v(t) i(t) 0 I V Vs 0 I V Is Vs/Rs RsIs v(t)=Vs-Rsi(t) v(t)=RsIs-Rsi(t) equivalent condition： Vs =Rs I Thévenin's s source circuits Norton’s source circuits *** C1-3：Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals 3.The equivalent of source: (equivalent of practical source) Practical current source
C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals (One-port Network Tea break/ Example 20 =0.375A 19 果是个12 白 C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals 4.The transfer of source( Equivalent of network with more terminals): 4.The transfer of source(Equivalent of network with more terminals) The transfer of current source. Example: the benefits of the transfer of source V32=,-12R2 The same port characteristic V12=1R1-l2R2 C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals C1-3: Equivalent of the Linear Network with Two Terminals 5. Equivalent of the one-port network with controlled source 1 )Equivalent to source: When the controlling parameters is outside the network which is equivalent, the controlled source has a active ①2A characteristic, which can be deal with like an independent source quivalent to source: When the controlling paran V=V, +41,-2al inside the network which is equivalent, we can only write down the equations using KCL or KVL, and acquire the I-V relationship (1)let,=10a=1/2V=10+3l1 the port. V=10+3(2+1) 2A
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