天Hyperthyroidismcaused byhighlevels of thyroid hormonelossnormalfeedbackcontrollingofthyroidhTypesofhyperthyroidism insurgery bookdiffuse toxic goitersecondarytoxic multinodular goitertoxic adenoma
Hyperthyroidism caused by high levels of thyroid hormone loss normal feedback controlling of thyroid h. Types of hyperthyroidism in surgery book diffuse toxic goiter secondary toxic multinodular goiter toxic adenoma
Diffuse toxicgoiterGraves'disease,a diffuse vascular goiterappearing at the same time as thehyperthyroidism,usuallyoccursinyoungerwomen and is frequently associated with eyesigns.The syndrome is that of primary thyrotoxicosis50%ofpatientshaveafamilyhistoryofautoimmuneendocrine diseases.The whole of the functioning thyroid tissue isinvolved,andthehypertrophy andhyperplasiaaredue to abnormal thyroid-stimulatingantibodies (TSH-RAbs)that bind to TSHreceptor sites andproduce adisproportionateandprolongedeffect
Diffuse toxic goiter Graves’ disease, a diffuse vascular goiter appearing at the same time as the hyperthyroidism, usually occurs in younger women and is frequently associated with eye signs. The syndrome is that of primary thyrotoxicosis 50% of patients have a family history of autoimmune endocrine diseases. The whole of the functioning thyroid tissue is involved, and the hypertrophy and hyperplasia are due to abnormal thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSH-RAbs) that bind to TSH receptor sites and produce a disproportionate and prolonged effect
ToxicnodulargoitreA simple nodular goitre is present for a long timebeforethehyperthyroidism,usuallyinthemiddle-aged or elderly,and is veryinfrequentlyassociatedwitheyesigns.The syndrome is that of secondary thyrotoxicosisInmany cases of toxic nodular goitre the nodulesare inactive and it is the internodular thyroidtissue that is overactive.In some toxic nodular goitres, one or more nodulesare overactive and here the hyperthyroidism isdue to autonomous thyroid tissue as in a toxicadenoma
Toxic nodular goitre A simple nodular goitre is present for a long time before the hyperthyroidism, usually in the middle-aged or elderly, and is very infrequently associated with eye signs. The syndrome is that of secondary thyrotoxicosis. In many cases of toxic nodular goitre the nodules are inactive and it is the internodular thyroid tissue that is overactive. In some toxic nodular goitres, one or more nodules are overactive and here the hyperthyroidism is due to autonomous thyroid tissue as in a toxic adenoma
ToxicnoduleA toxic nodule is a solitary overactive nodulewhichmaybepartof ageneralisednodularityor a true toxicadenoma.It is autonomous and its hypertrophy andhyperplasiaare not dueto TSH-RAbTSHsecretionissuppressedbythehighlevelof circulatingthyroid hormonesandthe normal thyroid tissue surroundingthenoduleisitselfsuppressedandinactive
Toxic nodule A toxic nodule is a solitary overactive nodule, which may be part of a generalised nodularity or a true toxic adenoma. It is autonomous and its hypertrophy and hyperplasia are not due to TSH-RAb. TSH secretion is suppressed by the high level of circulating thyroid hormones and the normal thyroid tissue surrounding the nodule is itself suppressed and inactive
XClinical manifestationA Thyroid:enlarged with accelerate bloodstreamBEye:exophthalmosNervousness,increasedCAutonomicnerve:diaphoresis,activated on behavior,，hardlyfallingsleep,heat intolerance
A Thyroid ： enlarged with accelerate bloodstream B Eye： exophthalmos C Autonomic nerve ： Nervousness, increased diaphoresis, activated on behavior, hardly falling sleep, heat intolerance Clinical manifestation