CONTENTS 13 LIPIDS AND STEROLS 450 Lipid Composition of Micr panisms 451 Straight-Chain Fatty Acids ched-Chain Fatty Acids /453 Ring Containing Eatty Acids 454 Alk-l-envl Ethers (Plasmalogens)/455 Alkyl Ethers 456 Phospholipids(Phosphoglycerides)/457 Glycolipids /458 Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids /459 Biosynthesis of Phospholipids /464 Degradation of Fatty Acids /466 Biosynthesis of Isoprenoids /468 14 NITROGEN METABOLISM 475 Biological Nitrogen Fixation 475 The Nitrogen Fixation Process 470 Com onents of the nitre genase System /480 Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation483 Inorganic Nitrogen metaholism 487 Assimilation of Inorganic Nitrogen 492 General Reactions of Amino Acids Amino Acid Decarboxylases /494 Amino Acid Deaminases /495 Amino Acid Transaminases(Aminotransferases)/497 Amino Acid Racemases /498 Ra火四cRes 5028e/302 n of Inorganic Nitrogen /502 15 BIOSYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS 503 The Glutamate or a-Ketoglutarate Family /503 Glutamine and Glutathion Synthesis /503 The Prolin Pathway /50 nate Synthes 504
xiv CONTENTS 13 LIPIDS AND STEROLS 450 Lipid Composition of Microorganisms / 451 Straight-Chain Fatty Acids / 451 Branched-Chain Fatty Acids / 453 Ring-Containing Fatty Acids / 454 Alk-1-enyl Ethers (Plasmalogens) / 455 Alkyl Ethers / 456 Phospholipids (Phosphoglycerides) / 457 Glycolipids / 458 Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids / 459 Biosynthesis of Phospholipids / 464 Degradation of Fatty Acids / 466 Biosynthesis of Isoprenoids / 468 14 NITROGEN METABOLISM 475 Biological Nitrogen Fixation / 475 The Nitrogen Fixation Process / 479 Components of the Nitrogenase System / 480 Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation / 483 Inorganic Nitrogen Metabolism / 487 Assimilation of Inorganic Nitrogen / 492 General Reactions of Amino Acids / 494 Amino Acid Decarboxylases / 494 Amino Acid Deaminases / 495 Amino Acid Transaminases (Aminotransferases) / 497 Amino Acid Racemases / 498 Role of Pyridoxal-5 -Phosphate in Enzymatic Reactions with Amino Acids / 499 The Stickland Reaction / 500 Nitrogen Fixation / 501 Inorganic Nitrogen / 502 Urease / 502 Assimilation of Inorganic Nitrogen / 502 15 BIOSYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS 503 The Glutamate or α-Ketoglutarate Family / 503 Glutamine and Glutathione Synthesis / 503 The Proline Pathway / 504 Aminolevulinate Synthesis / 504 The Arginine Pathway / 504
Polyamine Biosynthesis/509 The a-Ketoadipate Pathway to Lysine The Aspartate and Pyruvate F milies 513 and ay mation /516 Isoleucine valin sis /518 of the ne rtate e 518 The Serine-Glye /520 Aminoleyulin and the pat Phenvlalanine,Tyrosine,and Tryptophan /523 The Common Aromatic Amino Acid Pathway/525 Pathways to Tyrosine and Phenvlalanine/526 p-Aminobenzoate and Folate Biosynthesis/531 Enterobactin Biosynthesis 533 The Pathway to Ubiquinone /534 Menaguinone (Vitamin K)Biosynthesis /534 Biosynthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)/534 Histidine Biosynthesis/539 Amino Acids /541 Glutamate (a-Ketoglutarate)Family54 e and Pyruvate Far hes 542 Serine-Glycine Family Aroma Acid Family /543 Histidine 16 PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES 545 midines 155 of Nucleotides.Nucleosides,and Free Bases Salvage Pathways /554 Regulation of Purine and Pyrimidine Biosynthesis 555 Purines and Pyrimidines 559 Riboflavin Biosynthesis 560 Thiamine Biosynthesis 560 17 BACTERIAL CELL DIVISION 无 Cell Division in Gram-Ne egative Rod /56 Cell Division in Gram-Positive Cocci 570
xv Polyamine Biosynthesis / 509 The α-Ketoadipate Pathway to Lysine / 510 The Aspartate and Pyruvate Families / 513 Asparagine Synthesis / 513 The Aspartate Pathway / 514 The Bacterial Pathway to Lysine / 515 Threonine, Isoleucine, and Methionine Formation / 516 Isoleucine, Valine, and Leucine Biosynthesis / 518 Regulation of the Aspartate Family / 518 The Serine-Glycine Family / 520 Aminolevulinate and the Pathway to Tetrapyrroles / 523 The Aromatic Amino Acid Pathway / 523 Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, and Tryptophan / 523 The Common Aromatic Amino Acid Pathway / 525 Pathways to Tyrosine and Phenylalanine / 526 p-Aminobenzoate and Folate Biosynthesis / 531 Enterobactin Biosynthesis / 533 The Pathway to Ubiquinone / 534 Menaquinone (Vitamin K) Biosynthesis / 534 Biosynthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) / 534 Histidine Biosynthesis / 539 Amino Acids / 541 Glutamate (α-Ketoglutarate) Family / 541 Aspartate and Pyruvate Families / 542 Serine-Glycine Family / 543 Aromatic Amino Acid Family / 543 Histidine / 544 16 PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES 545 Biosynthesis of Purines / 545 Biosynthesis of Pyrimidines / 550 Interconversion of Nucleotides, Nucleosides, and Free Bases: Salvage Pathways / 554 Regulation of Purine and Pyrimidine Biosynthesis / 555 Purines and Pyrimidines / 559 Riboflavin Biosynthesis / 560 Thiamine Biosynthesis / 560 17 BACTERIAL CELL DIVISION 561 Cell Division in Gram-Negative Rods / 561 Cell Division in Gram-Positive Cocci / 570
xVi CONTENTS Cell Division in Gram-Positive Bacilli/575 General Reviews 7S78 Cell Division in Gram-Negative Rods /579 Cell Division in Gram-Positive Cocci /580 Cell Division in Gram-Positive Bacilli/581 18 MICROBIAL STRESS RESPONSES 582 regulation /582 ie Control of Gen bic to re ssion /585 /587 Formate Nitrate Regulation/589 nse 589 Oxidative Stress 592 Regulation of the Oxidative Stress Response /594 pH Stress and Acid Tolerance 596 Thermal Stress and the Heat Shock Response/597 Nutrient Stress and the Starvation-Stress Response /601 Starvation-Stress Response/601 Stringent Control /602 Extremophiles/605 Summary /608 Osmotic Stress and Osm c to Transitions/609 lative Stres 6 H Stre and Acid 1610 tress an e Heat Sh Ck Kesp nse /610 trient Stress and arvation Stress Response/611 6 19 BACTERIAL DIFFERENTIATION 612 Bacillus Endospore Formation 612 Life Cycle of Bacillus /613 Stages of Sporulation 614 Physiological and Genetic Aspects of Sporulation /616 Sporulation Genes 616 Initiation 617
xvi CONTENTS Cell Division in Gram-Positive Bacilli / 575 General Reviews / 578 Cell Division in Gram-Negative Rods / 579 Cell Division in Gram-Positive Cocci / 580 Cell Division in Gram-Positive Bacilli / 581 18 MICROBIAL STRESS RESPONSES 582 Osmotic Stress and Osmoregulation / 582 High Osmolality / 583 Low Osmolality / 584 Osmotic Control of Gene Expression / 585 Aerobic to Anaerobic Transitions / 587 Formate Nitrate Regulation / 589 Nitrate Response / 589 ArcAB System / 591 Oxidative Stress / 592 Regulation of the Oxidative Stress Response / 594 pH Stress and Acid Tolerance / 596 Thermal Stress and the Heat Shock Response / 597 Nutrient Stress and the Starvation — Stress Response / 601 Starvation — Stress Response / 601 Stringent Control / 602 Extremophiles / 605 Summary / 608 Osmotic Stress and Osmoregulation / 608 Aerobic to Anaerobic Transitions / 609 Oxidative Stress / 609 pH Stress and Acid Tolerance / 610 Thermal Stress and the Heat Shock Response / 610 Nutrient Stress and the Starvation Stress Response / 611 Stringent Control / 611 Extremophiles / 611 19 BACTERIAL DIFFERENTIATION 612 Bacillus Endospore Formation / 612 Life Cycle of Bacillus / 613 Stages of Sporulation / 614 Physiological and Genetic Aspects of Sporulation / 616 Sporulation Genes / 616 Initiation / 617
Transition from StageⅡto StageⅢl/61g Forespore Dev elopment /620 Final Stages of Sporu Spore Cortex Synthesi 0622 Spore Coat Protein Synthesis /622 Activation 624 Germination /624 Outgrowth /627 Myxobacterial Developmental Cycle /628 Life Cycle of Myxobacteria /628 Aggregation and Fruiting Body Formation /629 Geneties of Myxococcus xanthus Development/632 Caulobacter Differentiation /637 Life Cycle of Caulobacter crescentus /637 nd the Flagm Scture.Genctics Endospore Formation /644 Germination and Outgrowth of Endospores /645 Myxobacterial Developmental Cycle /646 Caulobacter Differentiation/647 20 HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS 648 Adher nce/Colonization /650 Virulence Factor Secretion Systems/653 Exotoxins /658 Ouonm Sensing 664 Paradigms of Bacterial Pathogenesis/669 Enteropathogenic escherichia coli/669 Salmonella Enterica Serovars /669 Listeria Monocytogenes/670 Chlamydia spp /672 Overview 672 Adherence/Colonization/672 Virulence Factor Secretion Systems/673
xvii Transition from Stage II to Stage III / 619 Forespore Development / 620 Final Stages of Sporulation / 621 Spore Cortex Synthesis / 622 Spore Coat Protein Synthesis / 622 Activation, Germination, and Outgrowth of Bacterial Endospores / 623 Activation / 624 Germination / 624 Outgrowth / 627 Myxobacterial Developmental Cycle / 628 Life Cycle of Myxobacteria / 628 Aggregation and Fruiting Body Formation / 629 Genetics of Myxococcus xanthus Development / 632 Caulobacter Differentiation / 637 Life Cycle of Caulobacter crescentus / 637 The Stalk, the Holdfast, and the Flagellum: Structure, Genetics, and Regulation / 638 Regulation and Checkpoints of the Cell Cycle of C. crescentus / 642 Endospore Formation / 644 Germination and Outgrowth of Endospores / 645 Myxobacterial Developmental Cycle / 646 Caulobacter Differentiation / 647 20 HOST–PARASITE INTERACTIONS 648 Overview of Host–Parasite Relationships / 648 Structures and Functions Involved in Host–Parasite Interactions / 650 Adherence/Colonization / 650 Virulence Factor Secretion Systems / 653 Exotoxins / 658 Quorum Sensing / 664 Paradigms of Bacterial Pathogenesis / 669 Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli / 669 Salmonella Enterica Serovars / 669 Listeria Monocytogenes / 670 Chlamydia spp / 672 Overview / 672 Adherence/Colonization / 672 Virulence Factor Secretion Systems / 673
CONTENTS Exotoxins /673 Quorum Sensing /674 Paradigms of Bacterial Pathogenesis /675 INDEX 676 版权声明。 站几乎所有资源均搜集于网络，仅供学习参考，不得进行任何商业用途，否则产生的 一切后 果将由使用者本人承担！本站仅仅提供一个观摩学习与交流的平台，将不保证所提供资源的元 整性，也不对任何资源负法律责任。所有资源请在下载后24小时内删除。如果您觉得满意， 请购买正版，以便更好支持您所喜欢的软件或书籍！ 生物秀 ☆☆☆☆☆生物秀o ww.bbioo.com] ☆☆☆☆☆中国生物科学论坛http://wwww.bbioo.com/bbs/ 女☆☆☆☆生物秀下载频道http://www.bbioo.com/Sot 生物秀一倾力打造最大最专业的生物资源下找平台！ ■■■选择生物秀，我秀我精彩！■■ 欢迎到生物秀论坛（中国生物科学论坛）的相关资源、软件版块参与讨论，共享您的资源，获 取更多资源或帮助
xviii CONTENTS Exotoxins / 673 Quorum Sensing / 674 Paradigms of Bacterial Pathogenesis / 675 INDEX 676 版权声明： 本站几乎所有资源均搜集于网络，仅供学习参考，不得进行任何商业用途，否则产生的一切后 果将由使用者本人承担！ 本站仅仅提供一个观摩学习与交流的平台， 将不保证所提供资源的完 整性，也不对任何资源负法律责任。所有资源请在下载后 24 小时内删除。如果您觉得满意， 请购买正版，以便更好支持您所喜欢的软件或书籍！ ☆☆☆☆☆生物秀[http://www.bbioo.com] ☆☆☆☆☆中国生物科学论坛[http://www.bbioo.com/bbs/] ☆☆☆☆☆生物秀下载频道[http://www.bbioo.com/Soft/] 生物秀——倾力打造最大最专业的生物资源下载平台！ ■■■ 选择生物秀，我秀我精彩！！■■■ 欢迎到生物秀论坛（中国生物科学论坛）的相关资源、软件版块参与讨论，共享您的资源，获 取更多资源或帮助